Nucleic Acids & Functions Flashcards
1
Q
What is DNA composed of ?
A
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, T, G)
2
Q
What is RNA composed of ?
A
- Ribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base (A, C, U, G)
3
Q
Purine bases ?
A
- Adenine
- Guanine
(agua pura - pure water- purines-AG)
4
Q
Pyrimidine bases ?
A
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Uracil (RNA)
5
Q
What is Translation ?
A
- mRNA acts as template
- tRNA complementary molecules attach
- They carry amino acids which link to form polypeptides
6
Q
First Step of Transcription
A
- DNA Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
- DNA helix uncoils, separating 2 strands
7
Q
Second Step of Transcription
A
- One of DNA strands is used as a template (antisense strand)
- Free RNA nucleotides line up complementary bases to the strand by phosphodiester bonds.
- Forming mRNA
8
Q
Final Step of Transcription
A
- mRNA moves out of nucleus through nuclear pores
- mRNA attaches to ribosome for next step of protein synthesis
9
Q
What enzyme helps Free RNA nucleotides bond in transcription ?
A
RNA polymerase
10
Q
What is the template strand called in transcription ?
A
Antisense strand
11
Q
What bonds join together Free RNA nucleotides to template in transcription ?
A
Phosphodiester bonds
12
Q
What are exons ?
A
Coding parts on genes
13
Q
What are introns ?
A
Non-coding part on genes
