Nucleic Acids As Information-Carrying Molecules Flashcards
Name for DNA full
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Full name for RNA
Ribonucleic
What does DNA do
Hold genetic information
How are ribosomes formed from
RNA and proteins
What are both DNA and RNA
Polymers of nucleotides
What is each nucleotide formed from
Pentose (pentagon)
Nitrogen-containing organic base (rectangle)
Phosphate group ( circle)
What are the four bases
A- Adenine
C- Cytosine
G- guanine
T - Thymine
What are the components of RNA nucleotide
Ribose
Phosphate group
Organic base - adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
What are the four organic bases in RNA
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
What does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form
Phosphodiester bond
Describe a DNA molecule
Double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs
Describe structure of an RNA molecule
A relatively short polynucleotide chain
What shape is the phosphate group on a drawing of DNA
A circle
What shape is the pentose sugar in a drawing of DNA
Pentagon
What shape is a base on the drawing of DNA
A rectangles
What is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA
Deoxyribose
What is the name of the pentose sugar in RNA
Ribose
Name of the 4 bases in DNA
A-Adenine
T-Thymine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine
What are the bases with a double ring structure called
Purines
Which bases have a double ring structure x2
Adenine
Guanine
What a single ring structure DNA bases called
Pyrimidines
Which bases of DNA are pyrimidines
Thymine
Cytosine
Which bases does RNA not contain
Thymine
What base does RNA contain
A,C,G
And.. Uracil
What is the bond between 2 nucleotides called
Phosphodiester bond
What type of reaction is a phosphodiester bond and why? (Hint: what is released)
Condensation reaction
Water is released
How to break phosphodiester bond
(Name of reaction)
Add water
Hydrolysis’ reaction
What are the 2 strands on DNA called
Names of each individual one (hint outside and inside)
Polynucleotide strands
1)Sugar-phosphate backbone
2) Bases in center
Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA
Form between the opposite strands on the bases
Why is the distance between the sugar phosphate backbone constant
A purine always pair with pyrimidines on the opposite strand
Which way do the 2 polynucleotide strands run in DNA
Antiparallel
(Opposite directions)
How many hydrogen bonds do Cytosine and Guanine form
3
How many hydrogen bonds do Thymine and Adenine form
2
Where is DNA found
In chromosomes in the nucleus
Difference in size between DNA and RNA
DNA- extremely long molecule
RNA- relatively short polynucleotide chain
Is uracil a purine or pyrimidines
Pyrimidine
What does Uracil pair with
Adenine
Are phosphodiester bonds weak or strong
Very strong
Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong
Weak
Which bonds hold nucleotides together
Phosphodiester bonds which are Covalent bonds
Two differences between structure of tRNA and mRNA
tRNA has an amino acid binding sit mRNA does not
tRNA has a ‘clover leaf shape’ whereas mRNA is linear
Name the fixed position occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule
Loci
Describe how an enzyme can be phosphorylated.
Attachment of phosphate
That’s is released from the hydrolisis of ATP
Give three ways in which the DNA in a chloroplast is different from DNA in the nucleus
In chloroplasts
DNA shorter
Fewer genes
DNA not bound to histones up unlike nuclear DNA
Structure of DNA x5
Polymer of nucleotides
Each nucleotides has deoxyribose phosphate and organic base
Phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
Double helix star and held by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases A&T and C&G
