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A Level Biology - Biological Molecules > Nucleic Acids As Information-Carrying Molecules > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids As Information-Carrying Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Name for DNA full

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

Full name for RNA

A

Ribonucleic

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3
Q

What does DNA do

A

Hold genetic information

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4
Q

How are ribosomes formed from

A

RNA and proteins

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5
Q

What are both DNA and RNA

A

Polymers of nucleotides

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6
Q

What is each nucleotide formed from

A

Pentose (pentagon)
Nitrogen-containing organic base (rectangle)
Phosphate group ( circle)

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7
Q

What are the four bases

A

A- Adenine
C- Cytosine
G- guanine
T - Thymine

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8
Q

What are the components of RNA nucleotide

A

Ribose
Phosphate group
Organic base - adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

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9
Q

What are the four organic bases in RNA

A

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

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10
Q

What does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form

A

Phosphodiester bond

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11
Q

Describe a DNA molecule

A

Double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs

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12
Q

Describe structure of an RNA molecule

A

A relatively short polynucleotide chain

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13
Q

What shape is the phosphate group on a drawing of DNA

A

A circle

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14
Q

What shape is the pentose sugar in a drawing of DNA

A

Pentagon

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15
Q

What shape is a base on the drawing of DNA

A

A rectangles

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16
Q

What is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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17
Q

What is the name of the pentose sugar in RNA

A

Ribose

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18
Q

Name of the 4 bases in DNA

A

A-Adenine
T-Thymine
C- Cytosine
G- Guanine

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19
Q

What are the bases with a double ring structure called

A

Purines

20
Q

Which bases have a double ring structure x2

A

Adenine
Guanine

21
Q

What a single ring structure DNA bases called

A

Pyrimidines

22
Q

Which bases of DNA are pyrimidines

A

Thymine
Cytosine

23
Q

Which bases does RNA not contain

A

Thymine

24
Q

What base does RNA contain

A

A,C,G
And.. Uracil

25
Q

What is the bond between 2 nucleotides called

A

Phosphodiester bond

26
Q

What type of reaction is a phosphodiester bond and why? (Hint: what is released)

A

Condensation reaction
Water is released

27
Q

How to break phosphodiester bond
(Name of reaction)

A

Add water
Hydrolysis’ reaction

28
Q

What are the 2 strands on DNA called
Names of each individual one (hint outside and inside)

A

Polynucleotide strands
1)Sugar-phosphate backbone
2) Bases in center

29
Q

Where are the hydrogen bonds in DNA

A

Form between the opposite strands on the bases

30
Q

Why is the distance between the sugar phosphate backbone constant

A

A purine always pair with pyrimidines on the opposite strand

31
Q

Which way do the 2 polynucleotide strands run in DNA

A

Antiparallel
(Opposite directions)

32
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do Cytosine and Guanine form

A

3

33
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do Thymine and Adenine form

A

2

34
Q

Where is DNA found

A

In chromosomes in the nucleus

35
Q

Difference in size between DNA and RNA

A

DNA- extremely long molecule
RNA- relatively short polynucleotide chain

36
Q

Is uracil a purine or pyrimidines

A

Pyrimidine

37
Q

What does Uracil pair with

A

Adenine

38
Q

Are phosphodiester bonds weak or strong

A

Very strong

39
Q

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong

A

Weak

40
Q

Which bonds hold nucleotides together

A

Phosphodiester bonds which are Covalent bonds

41
Q

Two differences between structure of tRNA and mRNA

A

tRNA has an amino acid binding sit mRNA does not
tRNA has a ‘clover leaf shape’ whereas mRNA is linear

42
Q

Name the fixed position occupied by a gene on a DNA molecule

A

Loci

43
Q

Describe how an enzyme can be phosphorylated.

A

Attachment of phosphate
That’s is released from the hydrolisis of ATP

44
Q

Give three ways in which the DNA in a chloroplast is different from DNA in the nucleus

A

In chloroplasts
DNA shorter
Fewer genes
DNA not bound to histones up unlike nuclear DNA

45
Q

Structure of DNA x5

A

Polymer of nucleotides
Each nucleotides has deoxyribose phosphate and organic base
Phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
Double helix star and held by hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases A&T and C&G

A Level Biology - Biological Molecules (11 decks)

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