Nucleic Acids and Proteins #1

Question 1

Protein

Answer 1

An organic compound consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids connected by peptide bonds with a distinct 3D structure.

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

The monomer of polypeptides. All amino acids contain an amine group at one end of the molecule and a carboxyl group at the other end along with a variable R group. There are 20 different amino acids all with different R groups.

Question 3

Exam Tip

Answer 3

Nucleotides join together to make DNA. Three nucleotides encode an amino acid. Proteins are formed from a basic set of 20 different amino acids.

Question 4

Proteome

Answer 4

Complete set of proteins expressed by the genome of a cell or organism.

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

Complete set of genes or genetic material of a cell or organism

Question 6

Primary Structure

Answer 6

The linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of
a protein.

Question 7

Secondary Structure

Answer 7

The folding or coiling of the polypeptide chains in proteins due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxyl groups of amino acids.

Question 8

Tertiary Structure

Answer 8

The structure in proteins created by further folding as a result of different bonds forming between the R groups of the amino acids,. leading to greater stability than the folding in secondary structures.

Question 9

Quaternary Structure

Answer 9

Two or more polypeptide chains joined as a single functional protein.

Question 10

Denaturation

Answer 10

An in reversible change in the tertiary structure of a protein

…..as a result for example of heating the protein above a critical temperature.

Said to have denatured when the bonds that make the tertiary structure are broken