nucleic acids and protein synthesis. ch6 Flashcards
nucleic acids
list the types of nucleic acids
deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
ribonucleic acid RNA
what are nucleic acids
they are polymers ( made up of repeating monomers linked together)
list the key difference between dna and rna
dna is double stranded
rna has only one strand
the monomers that make up both dna and rna are called
nucleotides
what is the basic structure of a nucleotide
phosphate group
pentose sugar
nitrogenous base
the larger nitrogenous bases are called
purines
the smaller nitrogenous bases are called
pyramidines
the types of purines are
adenine, guanine
the types of pyramidines are
cytosine, thymine and uracil
what the the differences between DNA and RNA nucleotides
in DNA nucleotides, the hydrogen is bonded to Carbon 2
in RNA nucleotides, the hydrogen is bonded to OH
DNA sugar is called deoxyribose sugar
RNA sugar is called ribose sugar
DNA has thymine
RNA has uracil
what is the shape of DNA known as
a double helix
which nitrogenous base pairs with the other?
adenine to thymine
guanine to cytosine
when adenine joins thymine, how many hydrogen bonds are formed
two
when guanine joins with cytosine, they form how many hydrogen bonds
three
DNA nucleotides are joined together by
phosphodiester bonds
where is the phosphodiester bond found
between the sugar and phosphate group
both strands are antiparallel to each other. what does this mean?
one faces upwards, one faces downwards
what direction does DNA use?
they use 5’ and 3’
what is DNA replication
it is the process of making an identical copy of DNA molecule with identical base sequence
why do cells carry out DNA replication
to prepare the cell for mitosis or meiosis
simplified version of how DNA replication occurs
the DNA molecule will unwind
the hydrogen bond will break
the template strands become separated
new nucleotides form complementary base pairings with the template strad
phosphodiester bonds form
now there are two new DNA molecules formed
why is it known as semi-conservative replication
because new DNA strands have one original strand and one new strand
