Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Where are the enzymes and amino acid building blocks for protein production

Answer 1

Cytosol

Question 2

How does RNA differ from DNA

Answer 2

The sugar molecule for every ran nucleotide is ribose and thymine is rarely a part of RNA molecules. It is instead uracil

Question 3

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 3

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA

Question 4

What is transcription

Answer 4

The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA

Question 5

RNA polymerase

Answer 5

The primary transcription enzyme that synthesizes RNA copies of specific sequences of DNA

Question 6

What are the steps of transcription

Answer 6

The polymerase splits the DNS double helix, mRNA joins with the DNS nucleotide strand, when strand is done it goes through the nucleus and travels to the ribosome

Question 7

Protein synthesis

Answer 7

The production of proteins

Question 8

What are proteins

Answer 8

Polymers

Question 9

What are proteins made up of

Answer 9

One or more polypeptides each of which consist of a specific sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Question 10

How many different amino acids make up proteins

Answer 10

20

Question 11

Codon

Answer 11

Each combination of three mRNA nucleotides

Question 12

What does each codon code for

Answer 12

A specific amino acid

Question 13

What is a genetic code mostly used for

Answer 13

To translate mRNA transcripts into proteins

Question 14

Start codon

Answer 14

(AUG) engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule

Question 15

What is translation

Answer 15

The process of assembling polypeptides from information coded in mRNA

Question 16

When does translation begin

Answer 16

When mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane. It then migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol

Question 17

What are ribosomes composed of

Answer 17

rRNA and proteins

Question 18

What are the three binding sites of a ribosome

Answer 18

One binding site holds on mRNA transcripts so that its codons are accessible to rRNA molecules. The other two binding sites hold tRNAs who’s anticodons pair with the mRNA codons

Question 19

When does the assembly of a polypeptide begin

Answer 19

When a ribosome attaches to the start codon on an mRNA transcript

Question 20

Where are the genes directing protein production

Answer 20

The nucleus

Question 21

Describe messenger RNA

Answer 21

Carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol. Consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain

Question 22

Describe transfer RNA

Answer 22

Consists of a single chain of about 80 RNA nucleotides. They carry amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

Question 23

Describe ribosomal RNA

Answer 23

The most abundant form of RNA. Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made

Question 24

What helps the regulation of proteins

Answer 24

The transcription factors. Some examples being an enhancer, a promoter, or hormones. If your pituitary gland is broken then it could send out to many hormones or not enough. This could cause you to be very short or very tall