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Nucleic Acid and Gene Expression Y1 > Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleoside?

A

Sugar and base with no phosphate

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2
Q

What are names of the natural nucleosides?

A

Adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, thymidine

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3
Q

Which are the purines?

A

Adenine and guanine

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4
Q

Which are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

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5
Q

Whats the difference between a pyrimidine and purine?

A

1 ring in a pyrimidine vs 2 rings in a purine

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6
Q

Which prime carbon attaches to the base?

A

1

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7
Q

Which prime carbon attaches to the phosphate?

A

5

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8
Q

What is the bind formed between the phosphate and hydroxyl group?

A

Phosphodiester

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9
Q

How are sugars and phosphates linked in nucleotides (not bond wise)?

A

The 3’-OH of sugar of one nucleotide is linked to phosphate group, which in turn is joined to 5’-OH of adjacent sugar

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10
Q

The first nucleotide in a sequence has a free….

A

..5’ phosphate

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11
Q

The last nucleotide in a sequence has a free…

A

….3’ hydroxyl group

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12
Q

How are DNA sequences read directionally?

A

5’ to 3’

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13
Q

Which grooves are the major interactions with DNA madE?

A

Major

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14
Q

How many bp per helical turn?

A

10

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15
Q

How wide is DNA?

A

2nm

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16
Q

What conditions melt/denature DNA?

A

Low salt/high heat

17
Q

What conditions anneal/hybridise DNA?

A

High salt/low heat

18
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

Organised profile of someone’s chromosomes

19
Q

What is DNA wrapped around? What does this form?

A

Proteins known as histones, forms chromatin.

20
Q

What is the lowest level of DNA packaging called?

A

The nucleosome

21
Q

How many bp per nucleosome?

A

200

22
Q

Why do histones interact well with DNA?

A

Histones are positive and the negative phosphate backbone gives an attraction between the two

23
Q

What’re the 5 levels of nuclear packaging?

A

DNA, chromatin, 30nm chromatin fibre, fibre folded into loops, chromosomes

Nucleic Acid and Gene Expression Y1 (7 decks)

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