Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

2’ C position

A

RNA has an OH, but DNA has only -H

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2
Q

U =

T =

A

RNA

DNA

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3
Q

A gene is made of this macromolecule:

A

DNA

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4
Q

Chromatin is made of these macromolecules:

A

DNA and proteins

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5
Q

The two strands of DNA that make up a double helix are held together by:

A

hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

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6
Q

A single strand of DNA is a polymer whose subunits are connected by:

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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7
Q

Uracil pairs with:

A

Adenine

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8
Q

The following are true regarding the structure of DNA and RNA:

A
  • The bases found in RNA are not all the same as in DNA
  • the sugars differ slightly between RNA and DNA
  • DNA and RNA are both synthesized from 5’ to 3’
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9
Q

What does it mean when we say that DNA strands in a double helix are antiparallel?

A

Each strand has 5’ to 3’ polarity, but in opposite directions

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10
Q

Which class of macromolecule is capable of catalyzing chemical reactions?

A

Both proteins and RNAs

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11
Q

What does the primase enzyme do?

A

Synthesizes a short section of RNA complementary to a single-stranded DNA template

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12
Q

The enzyme helicase:

A

Unwinds DNA strands from one another during DNA replication

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13
Q

Coding strand to:

A

RNA sequence (T to U)

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14
Q

Transcription

A

The copying of DNA to RNA

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15
Q

In a eukaryotic cell, a primary RNA transcript may contain may contain all of the following the info to specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

A
  • A 5’ untranslated region
  • A start codon
  • A splice site
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16
Q

A transcription termination site is recognized by:

A

RNA polymerase

17
Q

When a gene is transcribed once, it generates:

A

only a single mRNA molecule but many copies of a protein can be translated from that single mRNA

18
Q

What tells a ribosome that it should not add any more amino acids to a growing protein?

A

A stop codon

19
Q

The enzyme glycine-tRNA synthetase recognizes

A

the amino acid glycine

20
Q

The change that takes place in the lac repressor when it binds to lactose is an example of:

A

allosteric regulation

21
Q

It it hypothesized that this macromolecule was the first to have the ability to replicate itself:

A

RNA

22
Q

If a DNA sequence error is made during DNA replication, the sequence is likely to be repaired by:

A

proofreading by DNA polymerase during DNA replication

23
Q

The loss or mutation of a single amino acid can lead to which of the following disorders:

A
  • sickle cell anemia
  • cystic fibrosis
  • hereditary hemochromatosis
24
Q

Where is the primary transcript found in the cell?

A

Nucleus

25
Q

Mature mRNA components:

A

5’ - 5’ cap - exons - 3’ poly(A)tail - 3’

26
Q

Where is the mature transcript found in the cell?

A

It becomes mature in the nucleus and is then exported to the cytoplasm