Exploring Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Highly organized compartment that is bound by a thin, flexible structure called a plasma membrane and that contains concentrated chemicals in a aqueous solution

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All organisms are made of cells and all cells are fro preexisting cells

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

A change in the characteristics of a population over time

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area as the same time

Question 5

Natural Selections occurs when: (2 things)

Answer 5

• individuals within a pop. vary in characteristics that are heritable
• in a particular environment, certain versions of the traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than do other versions

Question 6

Natural selections acts on _______ while evolutionary change occurs in _______

Answer 6

individuals; populations

Question 7

Artificial selection

Answer 7

Changes in populations that occur when humans select certain individuals to produce the most offspring

Question 8

Fitness

Answer 8

The ability of an individual to produce viable offspring

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment

Question 10

All cells have: (3 things)

other than DNA and plasma membranes

Answer 10

• nucleic acids that store and transmit info
• proteins that perform most of the cell’s functions
• carbohydrates that provide chemical energy, carbon, support, and identity

Question 11

The two fundamental cell types:

Answer 11

• Eukaryotes: have a nucleus, much larger

- Prokaryotes: no nucleus, cell wall almost always present

Question 12

Organisms are divided into 3 broad domains:

Answer 12

• Bacteria (prokaryotes)
• Archaea (prokaryotes)
• Eukarya (eukaryotes)

Question 13

Animal vs. Plant cells:

Answer 13

Animal:
- eukaryotic
- no cell wall
- centrioles present
Plant:
- eukaryotic
- cell wall present
- chloroplasts present

Question 14

Organelles found in all eukaryotes (except as noted)

Answer 14

• nucleus
• mitochondrion
• endoplasmic reticulum
  
  • • rough ER
  • • smooth ER
• golgi apparatus
• vesicles
• lysosomes (found in plant and animals, not fungi)
• plasma membrane (ALL cells)
• chloroplasts (plants only)
• cell wall (plants only)
• cytoskeleton (ALL cells)

Question 15

Endomembrane system and functions

Answer 15

• rough ER: protein synthesis and processing
• smooth ER: lipid synthesis and processing
• golgi appartus: protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing
• lysosomes: digestion and recycling

Question 16

Nucleus function:

Answer 16

info storage and transmission, ribosome subunit assembly, structural support

Question 17

Mitochondria function:

Answer 17

ATP production

Question 18

Chloroplast function:

Answer 18

production of sugars via photsynthesis

Question 19

Vesicle function:

Answer 19

transport between compartments or from a compartment to the cell membrane

Question 20

Plasma membrane function:

Answer 20

selective permeability; maintains intracellular environment

Question 21

Ribosome function:

Answer 21

protein synthesis

• all cells have them
• not considered an organelle