nucleic acids

Question 1

structure nucleotide

Answer 1

phosphate, deoxyribose + organic base ie thymine
condesnation reaction bonds them together

circle - pent- rectangle

Question 2

DNA; structure

Answer 2

phosphate
deoxyribose
bases; ACGT
deoxyribose acid

Question 3

RNA:

Answer 3

phosphate
ribose
ACGU (bases)
ribonucleic acids

Question 4

too much nucleic acid =?

Answer 4

gout, crystals form at joints / extremities

Question 5

DNA shape and bonding

Answer 5

diagram; s phosphate in different directions matching bases pair in middle.
pyrimidine on one side purine on other (bases)
h-bonds between bases
complementary base pairing
antiparallel chains twist - giving double helix

Question 6

to make new copy of a DNA molecule

Answer 6

double helix is untwisted
h-bonds between bases break (unzip) exposing bases
free DNA nucleotides are h-bonded to exposed bases according to base pairing rules ( A-t, C-G)
covalent bonds are formed between phosphate of one nucleotide and suugar of other securing backbone

Question 7

Dna copying is described as

Answer 7

semiconservative as consists of one conserved and one new strand

Question 8

RNA is different to DNA how?

Answer 8

ribose sugar
base u replaces t (a-u)
polynucleotide is oftensingle stranded
3 forms of RNA exist

Question 9

transcription

Answer 9

bases of DNA exposed & RNA nucleotides complimentary bond
convalent bonds form between sugar and phosphate to secure backbone

Question 10

3 forms of RNA

Answer 10

messenger - complemenatry to one strand of DNA
robosomal - found in ribosomes
transfer - carries amino acids to ribosomes, where they are bonded together to form polypeptides

Question 11

protein synthesis

Answer 11

sequences of bases on DNA make up codes for particular protein molecules - code for the sequence of amino acids in the protein
Sequence coding for a particular protein (gene) can be exposed by splitting h-bonds between bases
RNA nucleotides form a complimentary strand (mRNA)
mRNA peels away form the DNA & leaves nucleus through nucleus pore
mRNA attaches to ribosome
Then tRNA molecules bring aminio acids to the ribosome in the correct order, according oo base sequence on the mRNA
the amino acids are jioned by peptide bonds to give a protein with a speicifc primary structure ( this then gives rise to secondary and tertiary structure)

Question 12

nucleotide =

Answer 12

monomers of nucleic acid