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Biology OCR > biodiveristy ALL > Flashcards

biodiveristy ALL Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

fungi

A

body consists of mycelium, a network of strands called hyphae
walls made from chitin
eukaryotes
many nuclei - multi nucleate
most free living & saprotrophic (causes decay of other organic matter)

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2
Q

animals

A

heterotrophic
multicellular
gain nutrition by digesting & absorbing organic matter
eukaryotes
fertilised eggs that develop into a ball of cells called a blastula
usually able to move around

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3
Q

prokaryotes

A 
NO NUCLEUS 
bacteria and cyanobacteria 
looped DNA - not linear chromosones 
no membrane - bound organelles 
smaller ribosomes 
respire not in mitochondria but on cell surface membrane 
smaller cells thaneukaryotes 
may be freeliving or parastitic 
some cause diseases
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4
Q

protoctists

A

all eukaryotes
contains single-celled & some multicellular organisms
wide variety of forms
plant like / animal like
mostly freeliving
autotrophuc/heterotrophic
ONLY THING REALLY IN COMMON IS THAT THEY DONT FIT IN ANY OF THE OTHER 4 GROUPS

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5
Q

Traditionally…

A

just 2 kingdoms 9(plants &animals)

5 have been accepted for many years

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6
Q

species richness;

A

the number of species present

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7
Q

species evenness

A

number of indivisulas in each species

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8
Q

simpsons index law what does it measure?

A

measures diversity. high value = diverse

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9
Q

8 taxonmic groups in order

A 
domain 
kingdom 
phylum 
class
order
family 
genus
species
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10
Q

study of RNA tells us two types

A

eukaryotes

prokaryotes - (bacteria [eubacteria] & archaea [archaeabacteria])

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11
Q

sampling colect animals

A 
sweep netting 
collecting form trees
a pitfall trap 
a tullgren funnel
a light ttrap
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12
Q

sampling can damage habitats temp. / long term

A

envrionment impact assessment

maintain habitats & reducing the damage

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13
Q

binomial system

A

each species identified by genus and species name

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14
Q

dichotomous key

A

yes/no?

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15
Q

early classification;

A

based on observable features. Then microscopes were used. then electron microscopes.

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16
Q

cytochrome C

A

used in respiration –> is a protein we can look at amino acids
if 2 speices have same sequence = closely related
more differences less closely related
SAME FOR DNA

17
Q

classfication definiton

A

is the process of putting living things into groups

18
Q

taxonomy

A

is the study of the prinicples of classification

19
Q

phylogeny

A

study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms (evlotuionary tree)

20
Q

rnadom smapling 3 steps

A

take sample @ regular distances
use random numbers
select co-ordinates from a map

21
Q

habitat definiton

A

the place where organsisms live

22
Q

biodiversity definition

A

is the variety of life - the range of living organisms to be found

23
Q

species definition

A

a group of indivisula organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochem, & genetics, whose members are able to interbreed freely to produce fertils offspring

24
Q

genetic Variation

A

genes from parents
alleles
all deifferent unless twins

25
Q

environmetal variation

A

affected by environment

eg fat pet due to overfeeding

26
Q

four darwins conclusions

A

offspring look like parents
organisisma can reproduce A LOT
offspring similar in size
no 2 indivisuals are identical

27
Q

evidence to back up evolution from darwins now…

A

fossils (gaps in records, speices died out etc)

DNA & molecule evidence

28
Q

conservation; why?

A

if we allow extinction, could lose many answers
without plants = no O2. DIE
All living have right to survive

29
Q

an adaption

A

a feature that enhances survival & long-term reproductive success

30
Q

variation defininton

A

the prescence of variety - of differences between indivisuals
BETWEEN AND WITHIN SECIES

31
Q

continuous variation;

A

2 extremes & full range of intermediate between! eg heright in humans

32
Q

discontinuous variation

A

2 or more distinct categories NO intermediate eg colours of flowers

33
Q

xerophytic plants adaptions

A

a feature that enhances survival & long term reproductive sucess

34
Q

behavioural adaption

A

behaviour of an organsism which aids survivial

35
Q

physiological / biochemical

A

one that ensures the correct functioning of cell processes eg respiring in plants (day/night)

36
Q

anatomical

A

structural ; ie bacteria having flagella

37
Q

evolution STEPS

A
  1. variation form mutation
  2. ‘select’ the best variation
  3. indivisuals with advantage survive & reproduce
  4. pass on genes & alleles
  5. next generation will be better adapted
    GENETIC VARIATION NOT ENVIRONMENTAL
38
Q

speication;

A

formation of a new species. Reproductive barriers–> allopatric
geography &

39
Q

plants

A

gain nutrition from photosynthesis (autotrophs)
are eukaryotes
multicellular
cells surrounded by cellulose cell wall
produce multicellular embryos from fertilised eggs
autotrophic nutrition

Biology OCR (5 decks)

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