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Unit 1.5 Biology AS Level 🌺 > nucleic acids > Flashcards

nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the function of the genetic code?

A

codes for the production of proteins

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2
Q

2 ways of making nucleotides?

A

base + ribose / deoxy

nucleoside+phosphoric acid (pentose + phosphate)

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3
Q

how to make a nucleic acid

A

polymerised (2 or more) nucleotides (organic base + pentose + phosphate)

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4
Q

what are the purine bases

A

adenine
guanine

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5
Q

what are the pyramidine bases

A

cytosine
thymine
uracil

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6
Q

what bases does DNA have

A

adenine
thymin
cytosin
guanine

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7
Q

what bases do RNA have

A

adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine

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8
Q

how are nucleic acid formed

A

bases joine to ribose / deoxy
join to phosphoric acid
forms nucleotides
nucleotides join to give nucleic acids

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9
Q

what is ATP

A

nucleotide

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10
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenine triophosphate

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11
Q

what is the significance of ATP initials

A

base adenine
ribose sugar
three phosphate groups

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12
Q

sinificance of chemical energy in living things

A

chemical bonds must make or break for reactions to happen

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13
Q

what are heterotrophic organisms

A

animals

dirive their chemical energy from food

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14
Q

what are autotrophic organisms

A

derive chemical energy from light energy through photosynthesis

green plants

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15
Q

how do organisms mainly store chemical energy

A

lipids and carboyhdrates

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16
Q

around how many ATP do we make and break down every day?

A

50Kg

17
Q

how much ATP is in your body at any specific time

A

5g

18
Q

what is ATP not

A

an energy store

19
Q

what is the addition of a phosphate to ADP called

A

phosphorylation

20
Q

phosphorylation meaning

A

addition of phosphate to ADP

21
Q

what is a exergonic reaction such as ATP hydrolysis

A

relesease energy

22
Q

what is endogeronic reaction such as synthesis of ATP

A

releases energy

23
Q

how much kJ of enery does every mole of hydrolysised ATP release?

A

30.6

24
Q

what would happen with the uncontrolled release of energy from glucose?

A

temperature increase that would destroy cells

25
Q

why is using ATP better than glucose

A

ATP - single reaction that releases energy immidiatley
Glucose - many intermitories

only one enzyme needed ATP, loads for glu

atp releases energy in small amounts when and where its needed, glucose contains large amount of energy that would be released all at once

26
Q

what are the 5 roles of ATP

A

metabolic reactions
active transport
movement
nerve transmission
secretion

27
Q

relevance of ATP and metabolic processes

A

build large complex molecules

28
Q

relevance of ATP and active transport

A

move against conc gradient

29
Q

relevance of ATP and movement

A

muscle contraction

30
Q

relevance of ATP and nerve transmission

A

pumps activley transport ions across axon membrane

31
Q

relevance of ATP and secretion

A

packaing and transport of secretory products into vesicles in cells

32
Q

why is ATP known as the universal energy currency?

A

provide energy in all cells for all reactions in all living organisms

Unit 1.5 Biology AS Level 🌺 (4 decks)

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