nucleic acids Flashcards
what is the function of the genetic code?
codes for the production of proteins
2 ways of making nucleotides?
base + ribose / deoxy
nucleoside+phosphoric acid (pentose + phosphate)
how to make a nucleic acid
polymerised (2 or more) nucleotides (organic base + pentose + phosphate)
what are the purine bases
adenine
guanine
what are the pyramidine bases
cytosine
thymine
uracil
what bases does DNA have
adenine
thymin
cytosin
guanine
what bases do RNA have
adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine
how are nucleic acid formed
bases joine to ribose / deoxy
join to phosphoric acid
forms nucleotides
nucleotides join to give nucleic acids
what is ATP
nucleotide
what does ATP stand for
adenine triophosphate
what is the significance of ATP initials
base adenine
ribose sugar
three phosphate groups
sinificance of chemical energy in living things
chemical bonds must make or break for reactions to happen
what are heterotrophic organisms
animals
dirive their chemical energy from food
what are autotrophic organisms
derive chemical energy from light energy through photosynthesis
green plants
how do organisms mainly store chemical energy
lipids and carboyhdrates
around how many ATP do we make and break down every day?
50Kg
how much ATP is in your body at any specific time
5g
what is ATP not
an energy store
what is the addition of a phosphate to ADP called
phosphorylation
phosphorylation meaning
addition of phosphate to ADP
what is a exergonic reaction such as ATP hydrolysis
relesease energy
what is endogeronic reaction such as synthesis of ATP
releases energy
how much kJ of enery does every mole of hydrolysised ATP release?
30.6
what would happen with the uncontrolled release of energy from glucose?
temperature increase that would destroy cells
why is using ATP better than glucose
ATP - single reaction that releases energy immidiatley
Glucose - many intermitories
only one enzyme needed ATP, loads for glu
atp releases energy in small amounts when and where its needed, glucose contains large amount of energy that would be released all at once
what are the 5 roles of ATP
metabolic reactions
active transport
movement
nerve transmission
secretion
relevance of ATP and metabolic processes
build large complex molecules
relevance of ATP and active transport
move against conc gradient
relevance of ATP and movement
muscle contraction
relevance of ATP and nerve transmission
pumps activley transport ions across axon membrane
relevance of ATP and secretion
packaing and transport of secretory products into vesicles in cells
why is ATP known as the universal energy currency?
provide energy in all cells for all reactions in all living organisms
