nucleic acids Flashcards
1
Q
what kind of molecule is DNA and RNA?
A
- biological macromolecules
2
Q
what/how are polymers made from?
A
- condensation of monomers (gives out water)
3
Q
what are nucleic acids specialised for?
A
- storage, transmission and use of genetic information
4
Q
what are nucleotides?
A
- monomers which make up nucleic acids
5
Q
what is RNA?
A
- ribonucleic acid
6
Q
what is DNA?
A
- deoxyribonucleic acid (is deoxygenated)
7
Q
what makes a nucleoside?
A
- sugar + base = nucleoside
8
Q
what makes a nucleotide?
A
- nucleoside + phosphate = nucleotide
9
Q
what three components does a nucleotide contain?
A
- phosphate, nucleoside and base
10
Q
what does the sugar phosphate backbone looks like?
A
- circle = phosphate group
- pentagon = pentose sugar (in middle)
- rectangle = nitrogenous base
11
Q
what are the main 2 types of nucleic acids?
A
- DNA and RNA
12
Q
how can you distinguish between RNA and DNA ?
A
- DNA = double stranded , oxygen removed
- RNA = single stranded , will have uracil in it, whereas DNA does not
13
Q
how are nucleic acids formed (singular strand)
A
- condensation reactions forms strand
- phosphodiester bond forms between nucleotides
- forms sugar phosphate backbone
14
Q
how is DNA formed?
A
- nitrogenous bases ATGC
- forms base pairs –> A+T and G+c
- pyridines pair with purines
- bonds via hydrogen bonds
- DNA replication happens in 5 to 3 direction (5 prime, 3 prime)
15
Q
what is a complete set of DNA called?
A
- genome
