Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Uracil

A

2,4-dioxypyrimide

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2
Q

Thymine

A

2,4-dioxy-5-methylpyrimidine

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3
Q

Cytosine

A

2-oxy-4-aminopyrimide

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4
Q

Adenine

A

6-aminopurine

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5
Q

Guanine

A

2-amino-6-oxypurine

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6
Q

Reversible change of one one DNA base isomer to another

A

tautomeric shift (tautomerization)

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7
Q

2 forms of the molecules differing only in the location of a proton and a double bond

A

tautomers

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8
Q

Tautomer of Amino (NH2)

A

Imino (NH)

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9
Q

Tautomer of Keto (C=O)

A

enol (C-OH)

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10
Q

Major and minor grooves of DNA are essential for ___ of protein

A

binding

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11
Q

The only DNA with left helix rotation

A

Z DNA

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12
Q

Biologically dominant DNA

A

B DNA

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13
Q

Peculiar NA Sequences

A

Mirror repeat and inverted repeat

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14
Q

Symmetric sequence within each strand

A

Mirror repeat

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15
Q

Two copies of identical sequence in reverse orientation

A

Inverted repeat/ Palindrome

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16
Q

More secondary structures of DNA and RNA

A
  1. Internal loops
  2. Bulge loops
  3. Cruciform
  4. Hairpin
  5. Stem and Loop
  6. Cloverleaf (tRNA)
17
Q

Where there are bases that cannon pair on both sides

A

internal loops

18
Q

unpairs bases occur only on one side of the helix

A

bulge loops

19
Q

DNA with a region of dyad symmetry

A

Cruciform

20
Q

When it folds back on itself to form a double-helical segment in the region of the sequence

A

Hairpin

21
Q

Similar with hairpin but the loops have many unpaired bases. It plays a role in attenuation

A

Stem and loop

22
Q

Made up of three stem-loops

A

Cloverleaf structure

23
Q

Significance of the other structures

A
  1. Stabilizing genome structure
  2. Recognition site for initiation of replication (ssDNA viruses)
  3. Serves as signal for initiation and termination of transcription
  4. Important in the function of NA (tRNA)
  5. Form the core of catalytic molecules (ribozymes) as binding sites