Nucleic acids

Question 1

Found in all living material

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Contains genetic material for organism

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

Directs and controls the proper functioning of all cellular functions

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

The only molecule able to make an exact copy of itself through DNA replication

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

DNA wraps around a set of 8 histones twice forming a _________. These help to allow the DNA to fit inside the nucleus.

Answer 5

Nucleosome

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells ________ are proteins that DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes. These proteins help with the packaging of chromosomes.

Answer 5

Histones

Question 6

In order to fit all of the DNA inside the nucleus, the nucleosome must be further packed into coiled fibers.These coiled fibers as known as ________.

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

At the time of reproduction further condensing of these coiled fibers form __________.

Answer 7

Chromosomes

Question 8

DNA consists of two chains of nucleotides in a ladder like structure which is twisted which is called ____________

Answer 8

Double Helix

Question 9

The two sides or backbone of DNA consists of alternating _________ and _________________.

Answer 9

Phosphates
Deoxyribose sugars

Question 10

Between the sides of the ladder are the rungs which are made up of ____________.

Answer 10

Nitrogen bases

Question 11

Four nitrogen bases can be found in DNA are:

Answer 11

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)

Question 12

Nitrogen base pairs are held together by ________

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Adenine will always pair with _______

Answer 13

Thymine

Question 14

Cytosine will always pair with _______

Answer 14

Guanine

Question 15

_________ are made up of a single nitrogen ring (Thymine and Cytosine)

Answer 15

Pyrimidines

Question 15

_________ consist of double nitrogen rings. (Adenine and Guanine)

Answer 15

Purines

Question 16

____________ form between hydrogen and either nitrogen or oxygen in the two nitrogen bases found in a complimentary base pair

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds are generally _________ than other bonds

Answer 17

Weaker

Question 18

A covalent bond forms between the phosphate group and the deoxyribose sugar on the backbone

Answer 18

Phosphodiester bond

Question 19

The covalent bond that joins the deoxyribose sugar (carbohydrate) to the nitrogen base

Answer 19

Glycosyl bond

Question 20

One side of the DNA begins with a __________ (3’) and ends with a ____________ (5’). The opposite side begins with the ____________ group (5’) and ends with a ___________ (3’).

Answer 20

Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar

Question 20

A nucleotide consists of a __________ attached to a __________ attached to a ___________.

Answer 20

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogen base

Question 21

DNA is said to consist of two strands that are _________ meaning that they go in opposite directions

Answer 21

Antiparallel

Question 22

If 27% of the DNA strand consisted of cytosine, how much of it would be thymine, guanine and adenine?

Answer 22

Thymine: 23% Guanine: 27% Adenine: 23%

Question 23

DNA replication takes place during the ______ phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 23

synthesis

Question 24

In 1958, Franklin Stahl and Matthew Meselson demonstrated that replication was ________. This means that the process results in two strands, with one half of the DNA strand being “old” and half is “new”.

Answer 24

semi-conservative

Question 25

___________ consist of a phosphate group bonded to a ribose sugar which is also bonded to a nitrogen base

Answer 25

RNA nucleotides

Question 25

Key enzymes in DNA replication

Answer 25

Gyrase Helicase Primase Polymerase III Polymerase I Ligase

Question 25

In RNA, the nitrogen base thymine is replaced with______. Therefore,_______ will bind to adenine in RNA

Answer 25

Uracil