DNA/RNA replication

Question 1

_______ binds to and
unwinds the double helix at
various origins of replication
along the DNA strand.
________breaks the
hydrogen bonds separating
the two sides of the DNA.
Once opened up the area is
referred to as a replication
bubble.

Answer 1

DNA helicase

Question 2

The two sides of DNA have a natural affinity for one another and hydrogen bonds will attempt to reform between the nitrogen bases. This is prevented by __________________. These attach to the backbone of each DNA parent template strand to keep the two sides separated.

Answer 2

Single Stranded Binding Proteins (SSBP)

Question 3

________ relieves tension or strain that occurs as the two strands of DNA are separated.

Answer 3

DNA gyrase

Question 4

The enzyme _______ inserts a short sequence of RNA nucleotides forming RNA primers which indicates to _________ where to begin adding DNA nucleotides.

Answer 4

Primase
Polymerase III

Question 5

Each side of the original DNA acts as a template. Free DNA nucleotides are added to each template strand by the enzyme __________

Answer 5

DNA polymerase lll

Question 6

___________ can only add free nucleotides in the 5’-3’ direction, therefore, it must begin on the free sugar end. Complementary nucleotides are added to their base partner on the template strand.

Answer 6

DNA polymerase III

Question 7

One side of the DNA is synthesized
continuously, this side is referred to as the _____________

Answer 7

Leading strand

Question 8

The other side is synthesized discontinuously in the short
segments called _________. This side is
referred to as the ____________

Answer 8

Okazaki fragments
Lagging strand

Question 9

An exonuclease known as _________ will remove the RNA primers and replace the RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides.

Answer 9

Polymerase I

Question 10

Any gaps in the phosphate sugar backbone are joined
together by _______

Answer 10

Ligase

Question 11

The replication bubble fills as continues to add complimentary base pairs to the
template strands.

Answer 11

DNA polymerase III

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Carry the coding sequence for protein synthesis and are called transcripts

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

Carry the amino acids the the ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

Form the core of a cells ribosomes (in structures in which protein synthesis takes place)