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Biology > nucleic acids > Flashcards

nucleic acids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

structure of nucleotide

A

phosphate group, ester bond, pentose sugar, glycosidic bond, nitrogenous base

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2
Q

what pentose sugar is in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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3
Q

what pentose sugar is in RNA

A

ribose

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4
Q

what are the five bases found in nucleotides

A

adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine
uracil

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5
Q

purine structure

A

double ring

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6
Q

pyrimidine structure

A

single ring

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7
Q

which bases are purines (double ring)

A

adenine
guanine

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8
Q

which bases are pyrimidines (single ring)

A

thymine
cytosine
uracil

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9
Q

what does RNA contain instead of thymine

A

uracil

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10
Q

what type of bonds are between base pairs

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine

A

3

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12
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between thymine and adenine

A

2

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13
Q

what does messenger RNA do

A

brings information from DNA in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm
directs synthesis of polypeptides

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14
Q

what does transport RNA do

A

transports amino acids to ribosomes
positions each amino acid at correct place on polypeptide chain

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15
Q

what is ribosomal RNA

A

main component of ribosomes
site of polypeptide synthesis
combines with proteins to form ribosomes

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16
Q

what are the 4 requirements of semi conservative replication

A

4 nucleotide bases
both strands of DNA
DNA polymerase and DNA helicase
source of energy

17
Q

what do free floating nucleotides have

A

3 phosphates instead of 1

18
Q

what do free floating nucleotides do

A

lose 2 phosphates when phosphodiester bond forms
they provide energy for the reaction

19
Q

3 steps of semi conservative replication

A

1 DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases, causing the helix to unwind to form 2 single strands.
2 both strands act as a template for a new strand and free floating DNA nucleotides are attracted to their complementary bases on the template strand
3 condensation reactions join the nucleotides of the new strand together. this is catalysed by DNA polymerase. Hydrogen bonds form between the bases of the template and new strand.

20
Q

which direction can polymerase add nucleotides

A

moves 3’ to 5’ on the origional strand but forms the new strand from 5’ to 3’

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