Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of genetic information?

A
  1. DNA replication and repair
  2. Transcription (RNA)
  3. Translation (Protein)
  4. Protein Folding (Function)
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2
Q

Who did the experiments that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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3
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Building blocks of nucleic acids. Can be used for energy, signaling, and coenzymes.

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4
Q

What are the 6 nucleobases?

A

Purine, Adenine, Guanine, Pyrimidine, Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

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5
Q

Which nucleobases are purines?

A

Purine, Adenine, and Guanine

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6
Q

Which nucleobases are pyrimidines?

A

Pyrimidine, Cytosin, Uracil, and Thymine

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7
Q

What is a nucleoside?

A

Nucleobase covalently linked to the C1’ of a pentose (5-carbon sugar)

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8
Q

What is the bond of a nucleoside called?

A

Glycosidic bond

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9
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Phosphate esters of nucleosides

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10
Q

Is DNA a right or left handed helix?

A

Right

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11
Q

How many bonds does G form with C and A form with T?

A

3 hydrogen bonds between G and C and 2 hydrogen bonds between A and T

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12
Q

What are the helix diameter, rise, and pitch?

A

20 A
3.4 A (distance down per basepair)
34 A (distance down per 360 degree turn)

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13
Q

How many basepairs are there per helical turn?

A

10

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14
Q

What is the A-form adopted by?

A

Complementary RNA sequences

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15
Q

What is the Z-form adopted by?

A

Left handed double helix with zig-zag backbone

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16
Q

What is the order of DNA (left to right)?

A

5’ to 3’

17
Q

Can the double helix be reversibly denatured?

A

Yes

18
Q

What does it mean that melting is cooperative?

A

Once started, the melting will go all the way naturally.

19
Q

What causes a higher Tm (melting Temp)?

A

More GC content in DNA