Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemestry II > Fatty Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Anhydrous

A

Contains no water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bile Salts

A

Highly amphipathic cholesterol derivatives containing a charged acidic group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do bile salts do?

A

Break down fat globules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do animals store chemical energy?

A

Lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Packaged lipids and proteins that travel through the lymph system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Steps of Fatty Acid Synthesis

A
  1. Joining Reaction
  2. Reduction
  3. Loss of Water
  4. Reduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Steps of Fatty Acid Oxidation

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Gain of Water
  3. Oxidation
  4. Splitting Reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are fatty acids catabolized?

A

Mitochondria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What vitamin carries activated long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria?

A

Carnitine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does fatty acid beta-oxidation take place?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Four recurring reactions in fatty acid beta-oxidation.

A
  1. Oxidation by FAD
  2. Hydration
  3. Oxidation by NAD+
  4. Thiolysis by CoA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the products for each cycle of beta-oxidation?

A

FADH2
NADH and H+
Acetyl CoA
Acyl-CoA (fatty acid shortened by 2 carbons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the first reaction of fatty acid metabolism, acyl-CoA is oxidized by ________?

A

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the second reaction of fatty acid metabolism, enoyl-CoA is hydrated by ________?

A

Enoyl-CoA hydratase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the third reaction of fatty acid metabolism, the C3 carbon is oxidized by ________?

A

L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fourth and final step of fatty acid beta-oxidation?

A

Cleavage of ketoacyl CoA by B-betothiolase.

17
Q

Where does the Acetyl-CoA produced in B-oxidation go?

A

Citric Acid Cycle

18
Q

How much ATP does the oxidation of palmitate (16:0) yield?

A

106 ATPs

19
Q

What is the difference in the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Requires additional enzymes. FADH2 is not generated and 1 less ATP is yielded.

20
Q

What is the difference in the oxidation of fatty acids containing an odd number of carbons?

A

Requires additional enzymes. Results in 1 molecule of acetyl-CoA and one molecule of propionyl CoA.

21
Q

What does propionyl CoA yield and how does it compare to palmitate?

A

1 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP. Produces 6 less ATP compared to palmitate.

22
Q

When oxaloacetate levels are low, what happens to the level of acetyl-CoA, and what is done about it?

A

Level of Acetyl-CoA increases and is converted into ketone bodies.

23
Q

What is the advantage of ketone bodies compared to fatty acids?

A

Soluable in aqueous solution unlike fatty acids.

24
Q

What is the disadvantage of ketone bodies compared to fatty acids?

A

Ketone bodies are acidic and can cause acidosis or tissue damage.

25
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A

Cytosol

26
Q

How much ATP is needed for the overall transfer of acetyl-CoA to the cytosol and transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH to NADPH?

A

2 ATP

27
Q

What is the regulated step in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Formation of malonyl CoA

28
Q

Why is the formation of malonyl CoA the regulated step?

A
  1. Exergonic
  2. Occurs early
  3. Product made is dedicated to the pathway
29
Q

What is ACP and what does it do?

A

Acyl Carrier Protein. Domain of fatty acid synthase holds reaction intermediates.

30
Q

What are the four steps of elongation reactions of fatty acid synthase?

A
  1. Condensation
  2. Reduction
  3. Dehydration
  4. Reduction
31
Q

What is the inhibited step in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase reaction.

32
Q

What is activated by high AMP levels?

A

AMPK

33
Q

What hormones inhibit fatty acid synthesis and how?

A

Epinephrine and glucagon by inhibiting PP2A phosphatase

34
Q

What hormones activate fatty acid synthesis and how?

A

Insulin by activating PP2A phosphatase

35
Q

What is the major product of fatty acid synthase?

A

Palminate

36
Q

In eukaryotes, longer fatty acids are formed from palmitate by enzymes located where?

A

Outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum

37
Q

Elongation reactions use what as an activated precursor and add one two-carbon unit at a time.

A

Malonyl CoA

38
Q

What can oleate do by a combination of chain elongation and desaturation reactions?

A

Form other unsaturated fatty acids.

Biochemestry II (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions