Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards
Rifampin
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bactericidal
Spectrum: +/-
Mechanism: Binds Beta subunit of RNA polymerase preventing elongation
Resistance: Mutation in rpoB gene prevents binding some bacterial strains do not allow drug to bind
Adverse RXNs: Hypersnsitivity - fever heptotoxic, turns fluids orange-red. impairment of liver function.
Other:
Fidaxomicin
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bactericidal
Spectrum: Gram + anaerobes, C. Diff
Mechanism: inhibits RNA polymerase by binding to sigma subunit of RNA polymerase (sigma is involved in initiation)/
Resistance: Point mutation in RNA polymerase
Adverse RXNs: low bioavailabiity, Nausea, vomiting
Other: Better at preventing recurrent RXNs.
Fluoroquinolones
Names Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Names: Ciprofloxxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin
Static/cidal: Bactiricidal
Spectrum: Broad, Gram +/- and mycoplasma
Mechanism: Topoisomerase II and IV inhibitors. In
Resistance: overprescribed so lots
Adverse RXNs: GI side effects, confusion, photosensitivity, tendon rupture, contraindication for pregnant women, and prolonged QT interval
Other: do not take with calcium iron, alum, and zinc.
Special Note: Cipro
Can be used to treat and prevent illness such as plague, tularemia, and anthrax
Special note: Levofloxacin
Good drug for UTI since it targets urine well
Sulfonamides
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bacteriostatic
Spectrum: UTIs, Chigella, Salmonella, pneumocystis
Mechanism: Binds to dihydropteroate synthetase, PABA analog,
Resistance: change in dehydropteroate synthetase, increased influx in PABA
Adverse RXNs: Hypersensitivity, Rash, stevens Johnson syndrom, Cross RXN to drugs with sulfonamide moeities
Other
Trimethoprim
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bacteriostatic
Spectrum: UTIs, Chigella, Salmonella, pneumocystis
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
Resistance: Altered dihydrofolate reductase, increased dihydrofolate reductase
Adverse RXNs: Hyperkalemia.
Other
Metronidazole
Static/cidal: Spectrum: Mechanism: Resistance: Adverse RXNs: Other:
Static/cidal: Bactericidal
Spectrum: E. coli, staph, protozoa, C. Diff, anaerobic bacteria
Mechanism: Blocks ALDH inhibiting oxidation of acetaldehyde, Electron sink
Resistance: Rare
Adverse RXNs:Nausea, diarrhea, headache, and metallic tast
Other:RXN is susceptible to increase acetaldehyde. It blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibiting oxidation and causing symptoms of hangover
NItrofurantoin
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bactericidal
Spectrum: Broad spectrum, utpathogens, E. coli, staph
Mechanism: Reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactivate intermediates. This leads to inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, Cell Wall, and Protein
Resistance: Lack of bacterial resistance since drug interferes in a lot of processes
Adverse RXNs: vomiting and pulmonary toxicity.
Other: ineffective for infection outside the urinary infection
Special note: Levofloxacin
Good drug for UTI since it targets urine well
NItrofurantoin
Static/cidal Spectrum Mechanism Resistance Adverse RXNs Other
Static/cidal: Bactericidal
Spectrum: Broad spectrum, utpathogens, E. coli, staph
Mechanism: Reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactivate intermediates. This leads to inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, Cell Wall, and Protein
Resistance: Lack of bacterial resistance since drug interferes in a lot of processes
Adverse RXNs: vomiting and pulmonary toxicity.
Other:
