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AREA 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY > NUCLEIC ACID CENTRAL DOGMA > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACID CENTRAL DOGMA Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Replication

A

Semiconservative
Bidirectional
Semidiscontinuous
High Fidelity

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2
Q

Replication is

A

DNA - DNA synthesis

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3
Q

Replication occurs during the

A

S-Phase

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4
Q

Replication requirements

A

Template (both strands of DNA)
RNA PRimers
Nucleotide monomers (dNTPs)
Enzyme

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5
Q

Replication steps

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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6
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Recognition of replication sites

A

Initiation

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7
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

DNA helicase unwinds the double helix

A

Initiation

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8
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Replication fork is stabilized

A

Initiation

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9
Q

Use of SSBPs (single-stranded binding proteins)

A

Initiation

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10
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Adding of nucleotides to the daughter strands

A

Elongation

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11
Q

What step in replication uses DNA polymerase

A

Elongation

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12
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Primase adds an RNA primer
Pol-delta/Pol-epsilon elongates the new strands by adding nucleotides

A

Elongation

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13
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Removal of RNA primers and replacement w/ DNA

A

Termination

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14
Q

Identify what step of Replication:

Joining of okazaki fragments by DNA ligase

A

Termination

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15
Q

Leading strand

A

synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

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16
Q

Lagging strand

A

synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

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17
Q

Characteristics of Transcription

A

Unidirectional
Lower fidelity

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18
Q

Transcription is

A

DNA - RNA synthesis

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19
Q

Occurs by demand/Isa-isa

A

Transcription

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20
Q

Requirements of Transcription

A

Template strand
RNA POlymerase
Nucleotide monomers (NTPs)

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21
Q

Transcription steps

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Post-transcriptional processing

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22
Q

Identify what step of Transcription:

RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region

A

Initiation

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23
Q

Identify what step of Transcription:

Prepares the mRNA transcript for the cystosolic environment

A

Post-transcriptional processing

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24
Q

To avoid hazardous post-transcriptional processing you could do

A

5’ capping
3’ polyadenylation
Splicing

25
Q

Features of Translation

A

Universality
Degeneracy
Specificity
Non-overlapping

26
Q

Translation is

A

RNA - PROTEIN synthesis

27
Q

Translation takes place in the

28
Q

Translation steps

A

Activation of tRNA
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Post-translational modification

29
Q

Sites of the large subunit (Elongation)

A

A (acceptor)
P (peptidyl transferase)
E (exit)

30
Q

Site of large subunit where new tRNA enters

A

A (acceptor)

31
Q

Site of large subunit where peptide bonds are

A

P (peptidyl transferase)

32
Q

Site of large subunit where tRNA (no AA) exist

33
Q

A change in the base sequence of DNA

34
Q

Alteration of amino acids/base

A

Frameshift mutation

35
Q

Due to insertion or deletion

A

Frameshift mutation

36
Q

Substitution of bases resulting in a
nonsense codon

A

Nonsence mutation

37
Q

Occurs when the codon containing the change base may become a termination codon

A

Nonsence mutation

38
Q

Substitution of bases in an amino acid substitution in a synthesized protein

A

Missense Transition

39
Q

Codes different amino acids

A

Missense Transition

40
Q

GCU - GAU (alanine to aspartate)

A

Missense Transition

41
Q

Occur in the absence of any mutation-causing agent

A

Spontaneous

43
Q

Codes the same amino acid

A

Silent transversion

44
Q

GCU - GCC - alanine
UCA - UCU - serine

A

Silent transversion

45
Q

Base substitution caused by tautomeric base-mispairs

A

Point mutation

46
Q

Most mutable in point mutations (due to ease of tautomerization)

47
Q

Point Mutations

A

Tranversional Mutation
Transitional Mutation
Insertion
Deletion

48
Q

DNA mutation occurs when a purine replaces pyrimidine, or vice versa

A

Tranversional Mutation

49
Q

Purine replaces purine

A

Transitional mutation

50
Q

Polycistronic

A

Prokaryotes

51
Q

1 gene = may encode several protein

A

Prokaryotes

52
Q

1 gene = 1 protein

A

Eukaryotes

53
Q

Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase

A

Rifampicin

54
Q

Recognition site for 30s sequence

A

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

55
Q

The ability of certain anticodon to pair w/ codons that differ at the third base

56
Q

Concept by which a tRNA can recognize more than one codon for a specific amino acid by allowing movement in the first base of the anticodon

A

Wobble hypothesis

57
Q

Intercalate w/ the minor groove of the double helix

A

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D)

58
Q

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin-D) inhibit what central dogma?

A

Transcription

59
Q

Intercalate w/ DNA & causes frameshift mutation

A

Benzopyrene

AREA 2 - BIOCHEMISTRY (18 decks)

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