Nucleic acid

Question 1

Two types of nucleic acids are found within cells of higher organisms:

Answer 1

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 2

This is found within the cell nucleus. Its primary function is the storage and transfer of genetic information. This information is used (indirectly) to control many functions of a living cell

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

_____ occurs in all parts of a
cell. It functions primarily in synthesis of proteins, the molecules that carry out essential cellular functions.

Answer 3

RNA

Question 4

___________ are polymers in which the repeating units, the monomers, are nucleotides

Answer 4

Nucleic acids

Question 5

The nucleotide units within a nucleic acid molecule are linked to each other through ____________

Answer 5

sugar–phosphate bonds

Question 6

is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil

Answer 6

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 7

is a nucleotide polymer in which each of the monomers contains
deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine

Answer 7

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 8

All nucleic acid molecules are unbranched polymers. A nucleic acid is an unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are ______________.

Answer 8

nucleotides

Question 9

All _________ molecules are unbranched polymers ; is an unbranched polymer in which the
monomer units are nucleotides

Answer 9

nucleic acid

Question 10

The sugar unit of a nucleotide is either the _________ or the _____________

Answer 10

pentose ribose or the pentose 2’-deoxyribose

Question 11

the third component of a nucleotide, is derived from
phosphoric acid (H3PO4).

Answer 11

Phosphate

Question 12

Under cellular pH conditions, the phosphoric acid ______ two of its hydrogen atoms to give a
hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO4-2)

Answer 12

loses

Question 13

is a two-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to a nitrogen containing heterocyclic base.

Answer 13

nucleoside

Question 14

have a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon carbohydrate group, usually a ribose molecule.

Answer 14

Nucleosides

Question 15

Five nitrogen-containing heterocyclic bases are nucleotide components.
* three of them are derivatives of ______
* and two are derivatives of ______

Answer 15

prymidine ; Purine

Question 16

True or False : Both of these heterocyclic compounds are bases because they contain
amine functional groups (secondary or tertiary).

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

What are the three pyrimidine derivatives found in nucleotides

Answer 17

thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
uracil (U).

Question 18

what are the two purine derivatives found in nucleotides

Answer 18

adenine (A) and guanine (G)

Question 19

is simply a nucleoside with an additional phosphate group or
groups.

Answer 19

nucleotide

Question 20

_____ is also a partner in the formation of the structure of proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes, thereby contributing to the stability and flexibility required for their proper function

Answer 20

Water

Question 21

The pyrimidines found in DNA are

Answer 21

Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)

Question 22

They are capable of complimentary base pairing with the purines ______- and ______________ to form a double helix

Answer 22

Guanine (G) and Adenine (A)

Question 23

______, _____, and ____ are found in both DNA and RNA.

Answer 23

Adenine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 24

_______ is present only in DNA, and _____ is present only in RNA

Answer 24

Thymine ; Uracil

Question 25

four possible purine–pyrimidine combinations

Answer 25

A–T
A–C,
G–T
G–C

Question 26

are pairs of bases in a nucleic
acid structure that can hydrogen-bond to each other

Answer 26

Complementary bases

Question 27

The two strands of DNA in a double helix are not identical—they are ________

Answer 27

complementary

Question 28

are strands of DNA in a
double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complementary base

Answer 28

Complementary DNA strands