NUCLEIC ACID Flashcards
molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction
nucleic acid
The nucleic acids DNA and
RNA are comprised of
monomers called nucleotides
that consist of a
- base with nitrogen
▪ pentose sugar
▪ phosphoryl group
has a base linked by a
glycosidic bond to C1′ of a sugar (ribose or
deoxyribose)
nucleoside
forms when a sugar combines with a base.
nucleoside
has a phosphoryl group
attached to the C5′ —OH
group of a nucleoside
nucletides
forms when the —OH on C5′ of a sugar
in a nucleoside bonds to hydrogen phosphate.
nucleotide
Adding phosphate groups to AMP forms the _____
and the _____
diphosphate ADP
triphosphate ATP
In the primary structure of nucleic acids, nucleotides are joined by
phosphodiester bonds
the 3′ —OH group of the sugar in one nucleotide
forms an _____ to the phosphate group on the
5′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide
ester bond
has a free 5′-phosphate
group at one end and a free
3′ —OH group at the other
end
nucleic acid polymer
consists of the bases
A, C, G, and U linked
by 3′— 5′ ester bonds
between ribose and
phosphate
RNA
- unwinding the DNA
- pairing the bases in each strand with new bases to form new complementary strand
- producing two new DNA strand that exactly duplicate the original DNA
DNA replication
is used to form a
phosphodiester
bond to each new
nucleotide on the
complementary
strand
Hydrolysis Energy
unwinds the parent DNA at
several sections
helicase
each open DNA section
replication fork
______catalyzes the formation of 5′–3′
ester bonds of the leading strand
DNA polymerase
the lagging strand (growing in the 3′–5′ direction) is
synthesized in short sections called
okazaki fragments
joins the Okazaki fragments to give a
single 3′–5′ DNA strand
DNA ligase
