NUCLEIC ACID

Question 1

molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction

Answer 1

nucleic acid

Question 2

The nucleic acids DNA and
RNA are comprised of
monomers called nucleotides
that consist of a

Answer 2

• base with nitrogen
  ▪ pentose sugar
  ▪ phosphoryl group

Question 3

has a base linked by a
glycosidic bond to C1′ of a sugar (ribose or
deoxyribose)

Answer 3

nucleoside

Question 4

forms when a sugar combines with a base.

Answer 4

nucleoside

Question 5

has a phosphoryl group
attached to the C5′ —OH
group of a nucleoside

Answer 5

nucletides

Question 6

forms when the —OH on C5′ of a sugar
in a nucleoside bonds to hydrogen phosphate.

Answer 6

nucleotide

Question 7

Adding phosphate groups to AMP forms the _____
and the _____

Answer 7

diphosphate ADP
triphosphate ATP

Question 8

In the primary structure of nucleic acids, nucleotides are joined by

Answer 8

phosphodiester bonds

Question 9

the 3′ —OH group of the sugar in one nucleotide
forms an _____ to the phosphate group on the
5′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide

Answer 9

ester bond

Question 10

has a free 5′-phosphate
group at one end and a free
3′ —OH group at the other
end

Answer 10

nucleic acid polymer

Question 11

consists of the bases
A, C, G, and U linked
by 3′— 5′ ester bonds
between ribose and
phosphate

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

• unwinding the DNA
• pairing the bases in each strand with new bases to form new complementary strand
• producing two new DNA strand that exactly duplicate the original DNA

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

is used to form a
phosphodiester
bond to each new
nucleotide on the
complementary
strand

Answer 13

Hydrolysis Energy

Question 14

unwinds the parent DNA at
several sections

Answer 14

helicase

Question 15

each open DNA section

Answer 15

replication fork

Question 16

______catalyzes the formation of 5′–3′
ester bonds of the leading strand

Answer 16

DNA polymerase

Question 17

the lagging strand (growing in the 3′–5′ direction) is
synthesized in short sections called

Answer 17

okazaki fragments

Question 18

joins the Okazaki fragments to give a
single 3′–5′ DNA strand

Answer 18

DNA ligase