LIPIDS

Question 1

biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid
nucleus

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

named for the Greek word lipos, which means “fat”

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

The lipids that contain fatty acids are:

Answer 3

1. waxes
2. fats and oils
3. glycerophospholipids
4. prostaglandins

Question 4

The types of lipids that do not contain fatty acids are

Answer 4

steroids

Question 5

are long chain carboxylic acids

Answer 5

fatty acids

Question 6

• typically contain 12 to
  18 carbon atoms
  ▪ are insoluble in water ▪
• can be saturated or
  unsaturated

Answer 6

fatty acids

Question 7

have single C—C bonds

Answer 7

Saturated fatty acids

Question 8

▪ molecules that fit closely together
in a regular pattern

Answer 8

Saturated fatty acids

Question 9

strong attractions between fatty acid chains

Answer 9

Saturated fatty acids

Question 10

high melting points that make them solids at room temperature

Answer 10

Saturated fatty acids

Question 11

20 carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains

Answer 11

Prostaglandins

Question 12

produced by injured tissues

Answer 12

Prostaglandins

Question 13

involved in pain, fever, and inflammation
▪ not produced when anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin inhibit their synthesis

Answer 13

Prostaglandins

Question 14

in vegetable oils are mostly _____ with the first C═C at C6

Answer 14

omega-6

Question 15

in fish oils are mostly ____ with the first C═C at C3

Answer 15

omega-3

Question 16

esters of saturated fatty acids and long-chain alcohols

Answer 16

Waxes

Question 17

long HC chain
- energy storage
- cushion organs
- insulates the body

Answer 17

fats

Question 18

also called triacylglycerols

Answer 18

Fats and oils

Question 19

formed when the hydroxyl
groups of glycerol react with the
carboxyl groups of fatty acids

Answer 19

triacylglycerols

Question 20

glycerol forms ester bonds with three fatty acids

Answer 20

triacylglycerol,

Question 21

contains a high
percentage of oleic
acid, which is a
monounsaturated fatty
acid with one cis
double bond

Answer 21

Olive oil

Question 22

have more unsaturated fats

Answer 22

Oils

Question 23

have cis double bonds that cause “kinks” in the fatty
acid chains

Answer 23

oil

Question 24

the most abundant
lipids in cell membranes

Answer 24

Glycerophospholipids

Question 25

composed of glycerol,
two fatty acids,
phosphate, and an
amino alcohol

Answer 25

Glycerophospholipids

Question 26

____________ are glycerophospholipids that
▪ are abundant in brain and nerve tissues
▪ are found in egg yolk, wheat germ, and yeast
▪ contain choline or either ethanolamine or
serine

Answer 26

Lecithin and cephalin

Question 27

an 18-carbon unsaturated amino alcohol.

Answer 27

Sphingosine

Question 28

the NH2 group in
sphingosine is
attached by an amide
bond to a fatty acid

Answer 28

ceramide,

Question 29

are similar to glycerophospholipids
▪ contain sphingosine, a fatty acid, phosphate, and an amino alcohol

Answer 29

Sphingolipids

Question 30

is a sphingolipid found in nerve cells
bonds the —OH of a ceramide to a phosphate ester
of choline

Answer 30

Sphingomyelin

Question 31

sphingolipids that contain monosaccharides attached
by a -glycosidic bond to the —OH group of ceramide

Answer 31

Glycosphingolipids

Question 32

contain galactose or glucose attached by a -
glycosidic bond to the —OH group of ceramide.
▪ are found in the brain and the myelin sheath
▪ are important in cellular recognition and tissue
immunity

Answer 32

Cerebrosides

Question 33

▪ are sphingolipids that contain chains of two to seven
monosaccharides
▪ are important in neurons
▪ are found on cell membrane surfaces
▪ act as receptors for hormones, viruses, and drugs
▪ can cause genetic diseases if they accumulate

Answer 33

Gangliosides

Question 34

that accumulates in Tay-Sachs disease when
hexoamidase A is defective

Answer 34

Gangliosides