Nucleic Acid Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Function of DNA

A

To replace and store genetic information . DNA houses all the genetic information in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RNA function

A

To convert the genetic information housed in DNA to a format that is used to build proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is RNA produced?

A

RNA is produced by DNA transcription inside a cell. New RNA sequences complement DNA templates. RNA is then translated into proteins by the ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Different types of DNA

A

Nuclear DNA, located in the cell nucleus
mtDNA, located in the mitochondria used for tracking gene flow and the geographic distribution of genetic variation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleic acids purpose

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA and ribonucleic acid, RNA. They store and read the genetic information that forms the foundation of life and makes us who we are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA- deoxyribose sugar, two strands arranged in a double helix, the strands are made of nucleotides, each nucleotide contains a phosphate, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base. DNA is stable under alkaline conditions. DNA is much longer, bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
RNA- ribose sugar,one strand made up of nucleotides. RNA is not stable, bases include A,G,C, and use U instead of T.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chargaffs rules

A

Rations of adenine is always equal to thymine (A=T) and guanine is always equal to cytosine (G=C).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tetranucleotide hypothesis

A

Protein is the genetic material because with 20 amino acids, protein structure could be variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who discovered the 3D structure of DNA

A

James Watson, Francis Crick, using the X-ray images taken by Rosalind Franklin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of virus having RNA as DNA

A

TMV possesses a single molecule of RNA surrounded by a helically arranged cylinder of protein molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary structure of DNA

A

Consists of a string of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester linkages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

Unit of DNA made up of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Sugar can be ribose, has an OH at the 2’carbon, or deoxyribose, has a hydrogen on the 2’ carbon.
Nitrogenous base can be a purine, guanine or adenine, or pyramiding, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Phosphate group is a phosphorus atom attached to four oxygen atoms. Makes the DNA acidic due to negative charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of bond bonds the 5’ phosphate group to the 3’ hydroxyl group on the next nucleotide?

A

Phosphodiester linkages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secondary structure of DNA

A

Refers to its 3D configuration, helical structure. The strands are help together by hydrogen bonds between the bases on opposite strands. Weak in comparison to the phosphodiester bonds connecting the sugar and phosphate groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly