nuclei and protein synthesis Flashcards
what is DNA?
nuclei acid
what are the two types of DNA?
ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
what is DNA made up of?
base units which are called nucleotides
what is the structure of DNA?
> phosphate
deoxyribose sugar
base
how do nucleotides bind to form a polynucleotide?
through a condensation reaction
> requires a water molecule
> between phosphate group and the carbon from deoxyribose sugar
> form a phosphdiester bond
name the bases of DNA
- adenine (A)
- thymine (T)
- guanine (G)
- cytosine (C)
what is the term to describe the pairing of bases in a particular way?
complementary base pairing
what base pairs bonds with eachother?
A-T (adenine+thymine)
G-C (guanine+cytosine)
what do the base pairs mean?
that where will be equal amounts of A+T and equal amounts of G-C in each DNA molecule
how are hydrogen bonds formed?
from the bases
and what do the hydrogen bonds hold within DNA
holds two strands of DNA together providing strength
what is the structure of RNA?
> phosphate group
bases
ribose sugar
what bases does RNA contain?
- adenine (A)
- uracil (U)
- guanine (G)
- cytosine (C)
what are the complementary base pairing in RNA?
A-U (adenine+uracil)
G-C (guanine+cytosine)
state some differences between RNA and DNA
> sugar in RNA: ribose not deoxyribose
nucleotide strand in RNA is singular not double
there are two types of RNA
- mRNA
. tRNA
what is the structure of ATP?
> ribose sugar
adenine base
3 phosphate groups
what does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
what is stored within the bonds (between phosphates) in ATP? what happens when ATP is hydrolysed?
energy
- when hydrolysed, energy is released
what occurs in the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP –> ADP + Pi
* requires ATP hydrolase
what does ADP stand for?
adenosine diphosphate
what does Pi stand for?
inorganic phosphate
describe how to form ATP
ADP + Pi –> ATP
* requires ATP synthase
* condensation reaction
