Nuclear Reactions

Question 1

Binding Energy

Answer 1

Energy holding neutrons and protons together

Increased binding energy= more stable nucleus

Question 2

Mass Defect

Answer 2

Sum of components of the nucleus is greater than the nucleus as a whole

When nucleus is created, mass of nucleus is converted to binding energy

Higher mass defect= higher binding energy

Question 3

Alpha Decay

Answer 3

Emits alpha particle (2 N, 2 Z, m= 4 amu)

Largest particle= lowest penetrating power

Question 4

Beta (-) Decay

Answer 4

N—-> Z
Electron emitted

Occurs when N/Z ratio is greater than 1

Question 5

Beta (+) Decay

Answer 5

Z——> N

Occurs if atomic # is greater than 20

Question 6

Electron Capture

Answer 6

Special types of beta decays

Positive nucleus captures electron from innermost shell

(e + Z)—–> N

Question 7

Gamma Decay

Answer 7

Release gamma particles

Highest frequency

Smallest size= greatest penetrating power