Ch. 7- Liquids and Solids

Question 1

Properties of Solids

Answer 1

Defined shape and volume (held together with IMF)

Can have crystalline or amorphous structure

Question 2

Ionic Bond

Answer 2

Full transfer of electrons

Question 3

Metallic Bond

Answer 3

Bond between tightly packed ions and a pool of electrons

Question 4

Covalent Bond

Answer 4

Electrons are shared

Question 5

Crystalline

Answer 5

Have small individual repeating unit cells

Can be simple cubic, body centred cubic, face centred cubic

Question 6

Amorphous

Answer 6

No specific shape

Question 7

Properties of Liquids

Answer 7

Incompressible fluids with a definite volume

Molecules constantly moving, but are held close together by IMF

Question 8

London Dispersion/Van der Waals

Answer 8

Weak (low bond strength)

Present in all molecules

Increases with particle size

Due to random shifts in electron density that create temporary dipoles

Question 9

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 9

Occurs between molecules with a permanent uneven distribution of electrons

Often caused by EN atoms drawing in neighboring electrons, creating charged poles

Medium strength

Only on polar molecules (more polar groups= HIGHER BP)

Symmetrical dipoles cancel each other out (i.e. H2O)

Question 10

H-Bonds

Answer 10

Highly EN atoms (Fl,Cl,N,O) take a neighbouring H’s electron, giving it a positive charge

Strong

Can have several bonds between an EN atom and many Hs

Question 11

Solubility

Answer 11

Degree to which a solute can dissolve in a solvent

Question 12

MIscibility

Answer 12

Degree to which a liquid can dissolve in a solvent

Question 13

Sublimation

Answer 13

Solid to gas

Only occurs at the surface of the solid

Can’t occur within the solid

Question 14

Deposition

Answer 14

Gas to solid

Question 15

Phase Equilibrium is determined by

Answer 15

Pressure and Temperature