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S3 and N5 Physics > Nuclear Radaition > Flashcards

Nuclear Radaition Flashcards

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1
Q

Three types of nuclear radiation.

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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2
Q

Another name for Alpha radiation.

A

Helium Nucleus, or 2 neutrons and 2 protons

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3
Q

Another name for Beta radiation.

A

Fast moving electron

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4
Q

Another name for Gamma radiation.

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation

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5
Q

Increasing shielding has what effect on the dose?

A

Reduces the dose

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6
Q

Increasing the distance between the radioactive sample and the person has what effect on the dose?

A

Reduces the dose

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7
Q

Increasing the time exposed has what effect on the dose?

A

Increases the dose

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8
Q

Ionisation is…

A

the gain or loss of an electron from an atom

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9
Q

Arrange Alpha, Beta and Gamma in order of mass.

A

From largest to smallest: Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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10
Q

The charge on an Alpha particle is

A

Positive

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11
Q

The charge on a Beta particle is

A

Negative

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12
Q

The charge on Gamma radiation is

A

No Charge

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13
Q

The name given to the radiation that everyone is exposed to every day.

A

Background Radiation

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14
Q

When measuring the count rate of a sample the background radiation must be removed. What is left is called the…

A

corrected count rate

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15
Q

Activity

A

The number of decays that occur each second

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16
Q

Natural Sources of background radiation

A

Cosmic Rays, Radon Gas, Radioactive Rocks

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17
Q

Man-made sources of background radiation

A

Nuclear Power Stations, Atomic Weapons Testing, Nuclear Medicine

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18
Q

Arrange Alpha, Beta and Gamma in order of ionisation ability, from largest to smallest.

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

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19
Q

Distance travelled in air by Alpha

A

up to 10 cm

20
Q

Distance travelled in air by Beta

A

up to 1 m

21
Q

Distance travelled in air by Gamma

A

up to 1 km

22
Q

Thinnest material Alpha is absorbed by

A

paper

23
Q

Thinnest material Beta is absorbed by

A

3 mm aluminium

24
Q

Thinnest material Gamma is absorbed by

A

10 cm lead

25
Q

Name 3 detectors of Nuclear Radiation

A

Geiger Muller Tube and Counter, Photographic Film, Scintillation Counter

26
Q

State 3 safety procedures that should always be followed when working with Nuclear Radaition

A

1) Never use bare hands to hold a source
2) Never bring the source close to your eyes
3) Store source in shielded box when not in use

27
Q

What is meant by Half Life?

A

The time for the activity to fall to half of its original value.

28
Q

Symbol and unit for Absorbed Dose

A

D (Gy)

29
Q

Symbol and unit for Equivalent Dose

A

H (Sv)

30
Q

Symbol and unit for Equivalent Dose Rate

A

H “dot” (Sv/s), (Sv/minute), (Sv/h)

31
Q

Radiation Weighting Factor

A

A measure of the biological harm from the type of radiation.

32
Q

How are radioactive sources used in medicine for diagnosis?

A

Radioactive source is injected into/swallowed by the the patient and the radiation produced is monitored from outside the body.

33
Q

How are radioactive sources used in medicine for treatment?

A

A high dose of radiation is used to kill cancerous cells.

34
Q

Which type of radiation is most suitable for use in medical diagnosis?

A

Gamma (as it can penetrate the skin)

35
Q

State 3 uses of nuclear radiation in industry.

A

Tracers, Sterilisation, Smoke Detectors

36
Q

State 2 advantages of Nuclear Fission

A

1) unlike fossil fuels, it does not produce greenhouse gases

2) smaller mass of fuel needed compared to coil or oil power stations

37
Q

State 2 disadvantages of Nuclear Fission

A

1) Radioactive waste is produced

2) Risk of a serious accident

38
Q

Describe a Nuclear Fission reaction

A

A nuclei of larger mass splits into 2 or more nuclei of smaller mass releasing energy.

39
Q

Describe a Chain Reaction

A

A nuclear fission reaction releases several neutrons, which can each go on to cause further nuclear fission reactions.

40
Q

What is the role of the control rods in a nuclear reactor?

A

Absorb neutrons

41
Q

What is the role of the moderator in a nuclear reactor?

A

Slow down fast neutrons

42
Q

What is the role of the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor?

A

Contain the nuclei that undergo fission.

43
Q

What is the role of the cooling system in a nuclear reactor?

A

Transfers heat to the boiler

44
Q

What is the role of the containment vessel in a nuclear reactor?

A

Absorbs neutrons and radiation

45
Q

Describe a Nuclear Fusion reaction

A

Two smaller nuclei combine to produce a larger nucleus and release energy.

46
Q

State 2 advantages of Nuclear Fusion

A

1) More energy released for each kilo of fuel used

2) Less radioactive waste

47
Q

Use the words Tokamak, Plasma and Magnetic Fields to describe how Nuclear Fusion can be controlled.

A

A tokamak uses magnetic fields to contain a high temperature plasma where nuclear fusion can take place.

S3 and N5 Physics (7 decks)

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