Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Chemistry 30 > Nuclear Fusion and Fission (HL Option C.3 & C.7) > Flashcards

Nuclear Fusion and Fission (HL Option C.3 & C.7) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a fusion reaction?

A

the fusion of hydrogen nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the main technological issue involved in fusion?

A

a fusion takes place at a high temperature that it cant be contained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the sun’s energy come from?

A

hydrogen nuclei/ protons combine to form the isotope deuterium which then further combines to form helium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is mass defect?

A

the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to the mass defect? How can it be quantified?

A

it is released as energy, E=mc^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an electron volt

A

the energy required to move one electron through a pre defined electric field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is binding energy?

A

the energy required to separate a nucleus into protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the fusion of deuterium

A

hydrogen isotope with 1 proton and 1 neutron with tritium (hydrogen isotope with 2 neutrons) to produce helium and a neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the significance of the difference in binding energy per nucleon between helium and the 2 isotopes of hydrogen?

A

the nucleon are bound much more tightly in a stable helium in the nucleus, so there is a mass defect which is converted into energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what element has the most stable nuclear configuration

A

iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is nuclear fission

A

elements with an atomic number greater than 92 split to form 2 lighter nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what process undergoes in nuclear generated power plants

A

nuclear fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What prevents chain reactions in nuclear fission?

A

control rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is critical mass?

A

the amount of material needed to keep the reaction sustainable such that sufficient neutrons can continue to sustain a chain reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is transmutation?

A

conversion of one element to another by capture or emission of a particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an alpha particle? What is the charge? What are the hazards?

A

A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons; +2; limited hazard unless ingested

17
Q

What is a beta particle? What is the charge? What are the hazards?

A

High speed electron with negligible mass; -1; can burn skin

18
Q

What is a gamma ray? What are the hazards?

A

high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic waves, can cause cancer

19
Q

What is a neutron? What is the charge? What are the hazards?

A

uncharged nuclear particle with mass of 1 atomic mass unit; high penetrative ability, can cause cancer

20
Q

What is a positron? What is its charge?

A

the antiparticle of an electron, positively charged beta particle

21
Q

What is a proton? What is its charge?

A

nuclear particle that has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit; +1

22
Q

What is half life?

A

time it takes for one half of the atoms in a sample to decay

23
Q

What order is nuclear decay?

A

1st order

24
Q

How is radioactive waste stored? - long term

A

waste is encased in steel surrounded by an inert gas and covered in concrete

25
Q

How are the composition of stars analyzed?

A

Absorption Spectra

26
Q

What is the process of enriching Uranium?

A

diffusion or centrifugation

27
Q

Why must Uranium be enriched?

A

only U - 235 is fissionable, however most of uranium found naturally is U - 238 so you have to enrich Uranium in order to increase the concentration of U - 235

28
Q

What series of reactions converts uranium (IV) oxide to gaseous uranium hexafluoride?

A

UO2 + 4HF -> UF4 +2 H2O

UF4 + F2 -> UF6

29
Q

Why is UF6 used more than UO2?

A

more volatile because of weak intermolecular forces

30
Q

What is the process of diffusion to separate U - 238 and U - 235?

A

Gaseous UF6 is pumped through a porous membrane, because U - 235 is lighter, it diffuses faster and more easily, this has to be completed various times to ensure the isotopes have been separated

31
Q

What is the process of centrifugation to separate U - 238 and U - 235?

A

gaseous UF6 is pumped into a centrifuge where the heaviest (U - 238) is pushed to the outside and up and the lighter (U-235) is pushed inside and out the top

32
Q

What is the formula for Graham’s Law of Effusion?

A

(rate of effusion of gas 1) /(rate of effusion of gas 2) = (molar mass of gas 2)^.5 / (molar mass of gas 1)^.5

33
Q

What are the risks associated with nuclear energy?

A

health risks, military applications,

34
Q

What is the SI unit or ionizing radiation?

A

seivert

IB Chemistry 30 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions