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Day 1 > Nuclear Chemistry > Flashcards

Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Discovered Uranium

A

Marrin Klaport, 1789

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2
Q

Discovered X-rays

A

Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895

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3
Q

Discovered radioactivity

A

Henri Becquerel, 1896

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4
Q

Elements discovered by Curie

A

Ra, Po

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5
Q

Alpha and Beta particles

A

Ernest Rutherford

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6
Q

Discovered Gamma Rays

A

Paul Ulrich Villard

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7
Q

Device used for measuring radioactivity

A

Geiger Counter by Hans Geiger, 1911

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8
Q

Discovered Transmutation
What nuclide was first formed?

A

Ernest Rutherford
N-14 + alpha = O-17 +proton

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9
Q

Who coined the term radioactivity?

A

Marie Curie

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10
Q

Discovered Atificial Radioactivity in 1934

A

Irene Joliot Curie
Frederic Joliot

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11
Q

First artificial nuclide

A

Phosphorus-30

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12
Q

Father of Nuclear Energy and Godfather of Nuclear Fission

A

Otto Hahn, 1938

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13
Q

Produced new elements through neutron irradation

A

Enrico Fermi

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14
Q

Discovered 10 transuranium (Z>92) elements. Also discovered I-131

A

Glenn Seaborg

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15
Q

Hiroshima Bomb

A

Little Boy
U-235
August 6, 1945

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16
Q

Nagasaki Bomb

A

Fat Man
Pu-239
August 9, 1945

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17
Q

Bombardment of a nuclei by proton, neutron, or other nuclei

A

Nuclear Transmutation

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18
Q

Magic Numbers

A

2
8
20
28
50
82
126

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19
Q

Belt of Stability

A

above - beta decay
beyond - alpha decay
below (lighter) - positron decay
below (heavier) - electron capture

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20
Q

Isotope engulfed by Alexander Litvinienko, and its half life

A

Po-210
t½ = 138 days

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21
Q

Uranium Decay Series

A

U-238 to Pb-206

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22
Q

Thorium Decay Series

A

Th-232 to Pb-208

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23
Q

Plutonium Decay Series

A

Pu-241 to U-235

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24
Q

Neptunium Decay Series

A

Np-237 to Tl-205

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25
Q

Actinium Decay Series

A

U-235 to Pb-207

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26
Q

1 g to amu

A

Constant 24 - Avogardo’s Number

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27
Q

1 ev to J

A

Constant 23 - Electric Charge

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28
Q

Decay rate of 1 gram of Ra-286

A

1 Ci = 3.7×10^10 Bg or dis/s

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29
Q

Half life and initial activity of C-14

A

5730 years
15.3 disintegrations/minute

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30
Q

Half life of U-238

A

4.51 Billion

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31
Q

Half-life of K-40 and used in what field?

A

1.2×10^9, Geochemistry

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32
Q

Isotope to detect water content of the body

Half-life?

A

Tritium, H-3
12.5 years

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33
Q

Use of neutron for transmutation

A

ideal as neutron is not repelled by the nucleus of the target atom

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34
Q

Use of proton for transmutation

A

Particle needs to be accelerated (increase its Kinetic Energy) to overcome repulsion

35
Q

What is nuclear fission? Is it endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic process, which deals with dividing of large nuclei into smaller ones

36
Q

Nuclear chain reaction will mostly likely not occur when

A

mass of fissionable material is at subcritical or below the minimum critical mass to start a nuclear chain reactiob

37
Q

1 small atomic bomb has ____tons of TNT

A

20,000 tons of trinitrotoluene

38
Q

First atomic bomb? Where was it dropped?

A

Trinity at a test site in New Mexico

39
Q

Who explained the Cherenkov radiation?

A

Ilya Frank
Igor Tamm

40
Q

Substance used to decelerate neutron produced from fission

A

Moderator

(slower neutron splits U-235 more effectively)

41
Q

Naturally occuring Uranium has about ___% of U-235. In a light water reactor, it is increased to _____%.

A

0.7℅

3-4%

42
Q

In a Protium-moderated reactor, reaction rate is increased by

A

decreasing cadmium or boron control rods that capture neutron

43
Q

Moderator of Heavy Water Nuclear Reactor

A

H-2/Deuterium

44
Q

Isotope to examine the activity of the thyroid gland. Half life?

A

I-131
8 daysq

45
Q

Isotope that images the heart, lungs, and liver. Half-life?

A

Technetium-99m
6 hours

46
Q

Isotope to detect obstruction of blood flow

A

Na-24

47
Q

Reaction that occurs constantly in the sun at 15×10^6 °C

A

Nuclear Fusion

48
Q

Inert gas ionized by alpha particles in a Geiger Counter

A

Argon

49
Q

Intensity or activity of radiation is inversely proportional to

A

distance^²

50
Q

Phosphor of scintillating counter for gamma rays

A

Sodium Iodide activated using Thallium (II) Iodide

51
Q

Phosphor for alpha rays

A

Zinc sulfide

52
Q

Meaning of rad
Equivalence of 1 rad in gray

A

radiation absorbed dose

1 rad=0.01 gray

53
Q

1 rem is equal to

A

1 rad × RBE (relative biological effectiveness)

1 rem = 0.01 sievert

54
Q

1 Roentgen is equal to how many C/kg

A

2.58×10^-4 C/kg

55
Q

Amount of radiation that results from the absorption of 0.01 J/kg of irradiated material

A
56
Q

Isotope for smoke detecting

A

Am-241

57
Q

Isotope for Eye-treatment

A

Strontium-90

58
Q

Beat impeding material against gamma rays

A

Lead

59
Q

Impeding material/s for beta rays

A

Aluminum

Lucite/Plexiglass for stronger

60
Q

A particle which isn’t affected by both magnetic and electric fields

A

Gamma rays

61
Q

RBE for all the rays

A

1 - beta, gamma, x-rays
3 - slow neutrons
10 - fast neutrons, protons
20 - alpha rays

62
Q

Average number of neutrons released in every nuclear fission of U-235

A

2.4 neutrons

63
Q

Number of isotopes of Radon

A

20

64
Q

Isotope to diagnose albinism and image of spleen

A

Cr-51

65
Q

Isotope for detecting eye tumors

A

P-32

66
Q

Compounds having unpaired electrons

A

Free radicals

67
Q

Half life of Lawrecium-257

A

0.65 seconds

68
Q

New superheavy elements are obtained by bombarding Lead isotopes with…

A

Ca-48
Ni-64

69
Q

Isotope for heart scanning during exercise

A

Thallium-201

70
Q

Isotope for kidney scans

A

Hg-197

71
Q

Energy supplied by the Sun

A

100 J/m²-s

72
Q

Called the ghost particles

A

Neutrinos (10M times lighter than electrons)

73
Q

Half life of Ru-82

A

1.26 mins

74
Q

Half-life of Ru-83

A

86.2 days

75
Q

Best materials to impede fast neutrons

A

water
paraffin
concrete

76
Q

Best material to impede slow neutrons

A

Cadmium layer

77
Q

Decay product of Ra-222 that produces harmful effects

A

Po-218

78
Q

What causes Cherenkov radiation?

A

Speed of electrons in water is greater that speed of light in the same medium (n=1.33)

79
Q

Only non-radioactive isotope of Iodine

A

I-127

80
Q

Number of Isotopes of Iodine

A

37 (I-108 to I-144)

81
Q

Hormone precent in pregnancy test

A

hCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

82
Q

Half-life if Ru-84

A

33 days

83
Q

Half life of Americium-241

A

432 years

84
Q

Half-life of Tritium

A

12.3 years

Day 1 (4 decks)

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