Nuclear

Question 1

What is the equipment used in a Rutherford scattering experiment?

Answer 1

-alpha emitter(polonium)
-lead block
-gold foil
-fluorescent screen
-microscope

Question 2

What were the results of the Rutherford scattering experiment?

Answer 2

that mos of the alpha particles where in the center(scattering angle=0) but there was some going in other directions(scattering angle>0)

Question 3

What is the interpretation of the results of the Rutherford scattering experiment?

Answer 3

that there was a positive nucleus in the middle of the atom

Question 4

How did this data lead to a change in our understanding of the atomic structure?

Answer 4

we created the nuclear model which has a positive nucleus that was being orbited by negative charges

Question 5

Put alpha,beta and gamma particles in order of penetrative power from most to least

Answer 5

Gamma, beta, alpha

Question 6

Put alpha,beta and gamma particles in order of ionisation from most to least

Answer 6

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 7

What can be used to shield from α, β and γ radiation?

Answer 7

for alpha a piece of paper or skin can stop it. For beta a thin bit of metal can stop it and for gamma a thick bit of lead of a few meters of concrete can stop it.

Question 8

What are the relative hazards of exposure to α, β and γ radiation?

Answer 8

alpha is pretty harmless unless the source enters your body. Beta can enter the skin and cause skin burns. And gamma can damage cells in your body which can lead to cancer

Question 9

What are some applications of α, β and γ radiation?

Answer 9

alpha particles are used in smoke alarms. beta particles can be used to treat medical conditions like eye and bone cancer and it can also be used as a tracer. And gamma is used in PET scans and it can also treat cancer using radio therapy

Question 10

What are the properties of a radioisotope that could be used for medical purposes?

Answer 10

• short half-life so does not stay in the body
  -high penetrative power so it can be tracked from outside the body
  -low ionisation so it does not do much damage inside the body
  -easy to make

Question 11

Why is technetium-99m a suitable radioisotope for medical uses?

Answer 11

because it has a short half life (6h)
and it is gamma so high penetration and low ionisation and it can be produced on site

Question 12

Why does the intensity of γ radiation obey an inverse square law relationship?

Answer 12

because it is inversely proportional to the distance from the source

Question 13

What is background radiation, and what are some sources of it?

Answer 13

It is the radiation that is naturally going through the air. This can be caused by many things such as cosmic radiation, radon gas, food, drink and buildings

Question 14

What is the count rate, background count rate and corrected count rate?

Answer 14

The count rate is the number of particles picked up by the detector in a certain amount of time. The background count rate is the number of particles detected due to background radiation. And the corrected count rate is the count rate - the background count rate