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Nutrition 313 (2) > NTR test 3 > Flashcards

NTR test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What mineral deficiency is most prevalent among toddlers

A

Iron

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2
Q

What age group is the most at risk for an iron deficiency?

A

1-2 year olds, (15.9%)

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3
Q

What marker are you looking for to see if there is an iron deficiency?

A

Ferritin

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4
Q

Iron depletion

A

body is trying to mobilize whatever leftover is stored in the body. Markers indicate low ferritin and high transferrin

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5
Q

Iron deficiency is diagnosed for 1-2 year olds by

A
  • hemoglobin concentration below 11.0g/dL

- Hematocrit concentration below 32.9%

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6
Q

Iron deficiency in 2-5 year olds by

A
  • hemoglobin concentration below 11.1 g/dL

- Hematocrit concentration below 33.0%

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7
Q

The supplement people should NEVER self-prescribe

A

Iron

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8
Q

How is Iron deficiency prevented?

A

=limit milk consumption to 24oz/day since milk is a poor source of iron
- milk alone competes with iron absorption in the gut and can diplace other food that have a good source of iron

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9
Q

When should infants be tested for a deficiency?

A

between 9-12 months, 6 month later and annually from aged 2-5

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10
Q

Intervention for deficiency

A
  • Iron supplements
  • counseling with parents
  • repeat screening
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11
Q

Middle childhood

A

children ages 5-10 years old, kindergarten age

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12
Q

Preadolescence

A

this is based on puberty, but for girls it is aged 9-11 and boys 10-12

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13
Q

What is important to establish in terms of nutrition in middle childhood and preadolescence

A
  • establish healthy eating habits, to help prevent short and long term health problems
  • correlation between good nutrition and academic performance
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14
Q

What are some problems that occur with school-aged children?

A
  • children not receiving proper nutrition and not as much exercise
  • higher risk of dehydration because children do not drink water as needed, more on a able to basis
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15
Q

Where are there disparities nutritionally?

A
  • there are disparities among education, racial, ethnic groups and socio-economic status
  • Hispanic children higher risk of type 2
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16
Q

What is a goal in Healthy People 2020?

A

to help people figure out these disparities and work on food insecurities

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17
Q

What do the CDC growth charts measure for and for who do they measure?

A
  • used on children aged 2 years and older
  • look for weight for age, stature for age and BMI
  • can be used for those that breast and bottle fed their children
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18
Q

When does adiposity rebound occur?

A

occurs between ages of 4-6, those that it occurs later, a possible indicator for less of an outcome of obesity later in life.

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19
Q

Where does the adiposity rebound occur?

A

occurs at the lowest point in the graph of BMI percentile

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20
Q

Who influence the food choice of a child?

A
  • peers
  • parents
  • siblings
  • media
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21
Q

What is a big underlie of nutrition-related issues in a child?

A

the parenting model

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22
Q

What is becoming a problem among young girls?

A

they are very preoccupied by their weight status, girls as young as five years of age

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23
Q

What is the danger of imposing restrictions?

A

this may increase the desire for these foods and therefore the intake of these food when those restricting them are not around.

24
Q

What is common misconception of a increase in adiposity among young girls

A

People interpret a normal increase in adipose tissue in girls at a young age as the onset of obesity

25
Q

What is a problem with “cleaning your plate” initiative?

A

children are more focused on eating everything than listening to hunger cues

26
Q

How should energy needs be calculated?

A

by body size and activity

27
Q

Where are dental caries seen?

A

Can be seen in half of the children ages 6-9

28
Q

How can dental caries be prevented

A
  • limit sugar and provide flouride
  • regular meal and snack times
  • choosing fruits and veggies and grians
  • using sugar-free chewing gum after eating
29
Q

What percentage of children in the U.S are overweight or obese?

A

1/3

30
Q

What is weight gain linked to?

A

inactivity rather than increased energy intake

31
Q

What has NHANES data collection noted in terms of preschool obesity and obesity in older age groups?

A
  • decreased in preschool

- stabilized in older age groups

32
Q

What have we started to see in relation to the increase in obesity?

A

Chronic diseases have become more common such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

33
Q

Underweight BMI for age

A

<5th percentile

34
Q

Normal weight BMI for age

A

5th<85th percentile

35
Q

Obese BMI for age

A

> 95th percentile

36
Q

Overweight BMI for range

A

85th-95th percentile

37
Q

In what populations is obesity more popular?

A

Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children, lowest among white children

38
Q

What are some characteristics of overweight children?

A
  • taller
  • advanced bone ages
  • earlier sexual maturity
  • look older
  • higher risk for obesity-related chronic diseases; adiposity rebound
39
Q

What helps to determine the weight of child later in life?

A

whether or not they had an early rebound or a late rebound.

40
Q

What is a large factors in whether or not the child is obese?

A
  • genetics

- environment, whether this be home or in school

41
Q

What has been a factor in the increased obesity rates?

A
  • increased screen time has factored into obesity rates

- scientifically proven that metabolism drops lower when on screen watching TV or such

42
Q

What is Stage 1 of Expert’s approach?

A

Prevention Plus

43
Q

What is stage two of Expert’s approach?

A

Structured Weight Management

44
Q

What is stage three of Expert’s approach?

A

Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention

45
Q

What is stage four of Expert’s approach?

A

Tertiary care intervention (reserved for severely obese adolescents)

46
Q

What are the points of family-based nutrition counseling?

A
  • Parent training
  • Dietary counseling/nutrition education
  • Physical activity/addressing sedentary behaviors
  • Behavioral Counseling
47
Q

AMDR for fat in children diet

A

25-35%

children below the age of two we do not limit fat intake at all

48
Q

AMDR for fat in adult diet

A

20-35%

49
Q

Where can Vitamin D come from?

A

exposure to sunlight and vitamin D in fortified foods

50
Q

Why should calcium and vitamin D be included in the diet?

A
  • bone formation during puberty

- include dairy products and calcium-fortified foods

51
Q

What do you do if a child is lactose intolerant?

A

Do not completely eliminate dairy products, decrease only to the point of tolerance

52
Q

What do you do if a child is lactose intolerant?

A

Do not completely eliminate dairy products, decrease only to the point of tolerance

53
Q

What is the limit for Vitamin D daily for children aged 4-18?

A

600 IU/day

54
Q

What are pitfalls of sports drinks?

A
  • they offer empty calories and excess sugar
  • promote tooth decay
  • child may become malnourished because they are filling up on energy drinks
55
Q

What should children drink instead of energy drinks?

A

cold water, water in general

Nutrition 313 (2) (2 decks)

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