NTR 313 Test 2

Question 1

The Gold Standard

Answer 1

• Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and sufficient to support optimal growth and development for approximately the first 6 months after birth
• Recommended that breastfeeding continue for at least 12 months and thereafter for as long as mutually desired.

Question 2

Cognitive benefits

Answer 2

Studies show an increase in cognitive ability even after adjusting for family environment

Question 3

Analgesic Benefits

Answer 3

Reduction of infant pain

Question 4

Socioeconomic

Answer 4

Decreased need for medical care

Breastfeeding is FREE

Question 5

What are at least 3 factors that determine the establishment and maintenance of lactation?

Answer 5

1) The structure of the mammary tissue and the adequate development of alveoli ducts and nipples
2) The initiation and maintenance of milk synthesis
3) the ejection of milk from the alveoli to the nipple

Question 6

Lactogenesis

Answer 6

Term for human milk production

Question 7

Prolactin

Answer 7

a hormone necessary for milk production

Question 8

Mammary Gland

Answer 8

Source of milk for offspring the breast

Functional group of mammary glands: alveoli, rounded or oblong shaped cavity present in breasts

Question 9

Alveoli

Answer 9

The functional units; lined by myoepithelial cells that contract during letdown causing milk ejection

Question 10

Secretory Cells

Answer 10

Cells in milk gland that are responsible for secreting milk components into ducts

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

Hormone produced during letdown that causes milk to eject into ducts

Question 12

What are the two hormones that contribute to breast development and lactation?

Answer 12

prolactin and estrogen

Question 13

Lactogenesis I

Answer 13

(Birth to 2-5 days), milk formation begins

Question 14

Lactogensis II

Answer 14

(begins 2-5 days after birth) Increased blood flow to breast ; milk “comes in”

Question 15

Lactogenesis III

Answer 15

(begins at about 10 days after birth) milk composition is stable

Question 16

Prolactin

Answer 16

a hormones that stimulates milk production, it is released in response to suckling, sleep and sexual intercourse

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

a hormone involved in lactation. Stimulates the letdown of milk. Tingling of the breast may occur corresponding to contraction in milk duct. Causes uterus to contract, seal blood vessels and shrink in size

Question 18

What is the one food source newborns can receive everything they need for the first 6 months of their life?

Answer 18

human milk

Question 19

What is one unique quality of human milk?

Answer 19

While the infant is feeding, it can change composition from being carbohydrates to lipids. The baby is signaled to stop feeding once it feels full. Milk can also change with diet and as the child gets older.

Question 20

Colostrum

Answer 20

• secreted the first few days postpardum
• very high in protein such as secretory Immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin
• Newborns only need small amount

Question 21

composition of human milk

Answer 21

• water
• 55% fat
• ~.65 kcal/mL
• calories may vary with fat, protein and carb comp.
• lower in calories than HMS

Question 22

Lipids

Answer 22

• provide about half of the calories in human milk
• fatty acids reflect mother’s diet
• very low fat diet with adequate CHO & protein, milk is increased in medium-chain fatty acids

Question 23

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)

Answer 23

• essential for retinal development

- associated with higher IQ scores

Question 24

Fatty Acids

Answer 24

provided through maternal diet

Question 25

Cholesterol

Answer 25

• high in human milk than HMS (positive thing)

- early consumption of cholesterol=lower blood cholesterol levels later in life

Question 26

Protein in human milk

Answer 26

lower in human milk
cow's milk:.96 g/fl oz
human milk: .32 g/fl oz 
BUT....
it has antiviral and antimicrobial effects

Question 27

Compared to mature human milk, colostrum has

Answer 27

more protein

Question 28

Exclusively breast fed infants may need a supplement of ________especially if they have limited exposure to sunlight.

Answer 28

Vitamin D

Question 29

What fat-soluble vitamin is given to infants at birth?

Answer 29

Vitamin K

Question 30

The functional units of the mammary gland are the

Answer 30

Alveoli

Question 31

It is recommended that women allow infants to empty one breast completely before offering the other breast primarily because

Answer 31

this allows them to get both foremilk and hindmilk, which may decrease incidence of diarrhea

Question 32

Breastfeeding has been found to be just as effective as other methods of birth control, such as the birth control pill

Answer 32

False

Question 33

How often do circumstances exist in which a mother is unable to successfully breastfeed her infant?

Answer 33

rarely

Question 34

Successful let-down requires which of the following hormones for ejection of milk?

Answer 34

oxytocin

Question 35

The dominant carbohydrate in human milk is _____.

Answer 35

lactose

Question 36

On the second feeding after birth, a first-time mom was concerned that her infant was not getting enough milk. What would the lactation consultant want the new mom to know

Answer 36

The first milk is highly concentrated in nutrients and provides a large amount of protein for the infant.