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NST GRADE 4 > NST - PLANETS > Flashcards

NST - PLANETS Flashcards

1
Q

What did people believe about earth?

A

That it was flat and they could fall off the edge

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2
Q

Why did they believe this?

A

Because when they looked far into the distance it seemed like earth ended where it touched the sky

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3
Q

What proves that earth is not flat

A

Photographs taken from space

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4
Q

What is Earth shaped like

A

A Round ball

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5
Q

What is a round shape called?

A

A Sphere

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6
Q

What is earth made of?

A

Rock

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7
Q

What happens in the centre of the earth

A

Rock is so hot that is has melted

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8
Q

What is a feature

A

An interesting part of something

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9
Q

The surface of the earth is hard and made of what

A

Rock

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10
Q

What is all the land you see made of

A

Rock

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11
Q

What is under sand and soil

A

Hard Rock

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12
Q

How is sand formed

A

It is formed from rocky surfaces as it crumbles

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13
Q

What is soil

A

It is sand which has mixed with other things like dead leaves and plants

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14
Q

What are many places on earth covered by?

A

Large stretches of water

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15
Q

What is underneath water

A

Hard, rocky land

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16
Q

Is earth’s rocky surface smooth and why?

A

No, it has huge mountains and deep hollow parts

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17
Q

What can collect in parts of earth’s surface that are hollowed out?

A

Water

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18
Q

What surrounds Earth’s surface

A

A layer of air.

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19
Q

What is a surface?

A

It’s the outside part or top layer of something

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20
Q

How much of earth’s surface is covered by water

A

More than half

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21
Q

What does water look like from space

A

It looks blue

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22
Q

What covers most of earth

A

Seawater

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23
Q

What are oceans

A

Large salty water surfaces

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24
Q

What names do oceans have in different parts of the world

A

Atlantic ocean, Indian ocean, Pacific ocean

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25
Q

What are seas

A

It’s small parts of the ocean

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26
Q

What name is earth called

A

The blue planet

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27
Q

What are the parts of earth’s surface not covered by water called

A

Land surfaces

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28
Q

What are land surfaces?

A

Continents or islands

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29
Q

What are continents

A

Very large pieces of land

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30
Q

How many continents are there

A

7

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31
Q

Where is south Africa

A

It’s at the vert southern part of the african continent

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32
Q

What are islands

A

Smaller pieces of land surrounded by water.

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33
Q

What is the special layer of air that covers earth called?

A

The atmosphere

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34
Q

How far is it above the earth’s surface

A

600km

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35
Q

What does earth’s atmosphere contain

A

Gases that living things need to breath

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36
Q

What does the layer of air do?

A

It is like a blanket. It keeps earth warm enough for things to survive

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37
Q

What does earth provide a home to?

A

Plants, animals and people

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38
Q

What is a habitat

A

a place where something lives

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39
Q

Why does each living thing need a habitat

A

to survive

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40
Q

Earth has many different habitats like what

A

Birds nests, water, jungle etc

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41
Q

What is a lake

A

A large area of water that has land all around it.

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42
Q

What is earth

A

It’s a planet

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43
Q

What is a planet

A

A large object that moves around a star

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44
Q

What is the sun

A

A Star

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45
Q

Earth is the planet of what?

A

The sun

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46
Q

What does earth do with the sun

A

It moves around it,

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47
Q

How many planets does the sun have that move around it?

A

8 and earth is one of them

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48
Q

Where is the sun and it’s 8 planets

A

In space

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49
Q

What is space

A

Its a never ending darkness that is above the earth’s atmosphere

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50
Q

What is in space

A

objects, gas and dust

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51
Q

What are astronauts

A

People who travel to space in space ships

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52
Q

What are stars

A

Objects in space that gives their own light

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53
Q

What is the sun

A

A very bright star that gives light and warmth to the planet earth. It is near enough to earth for you to see it,

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54
Q

When can you see the sun

A

In daytime when half of earth is facing towards it.

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55
Q

Why can you see the moon

A

Because it is the nearest object to earth in space

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56
Q

What is it like on the moon

A

Cold and dark and it gets light from the sun

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57
Q

Why do you sometimes see a bright shiny moon

A

Because the light of the sun is reflected from the moon

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58
Q

How many stars are in space

A

Millions

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59
Q

Why do we only see them as small lights

A

Because they are so far away

60
Q

Why can’t we see stars during the day if they shine all the time?

A

Because the sun is too bright.

61
Q

What does the earth do to the sun

A

It travels around it

62
Q

What is orbit

A

its a pathway something moves along

63
Q

What happens to earth in orbit every day

A

It is in a different position in orbit every day

64
Q

How does earth travel around the sun

A

anti clockwise

65
Q

What is earth’s orbit

A

its the pathway along which earth moves around the sun

66
Q

What does the word sol mean

A

It is the name of the sun in latin

67
Q

What word do we use when we talk about things that are linked to the sun

A

Solar

68
Q

What is the solar system

A

It is the Sun’s system

69
Q

What is the solar system made up of

A

Its made up of the sun and all the objects that move around it

70
Q

What is the only star in the solar system

A

The sun

71
Q

What is the centre of the solar system

A

The sun.

72
Q

How many planets are in the solar system

A

8

73
Q

What are planets

A

It is larges spheres that travel around the sun

74
Q

Why don;t planets make their own heat and light

A

Because they are not made of hot gas

75
Q

Name 5 things about planets

A
  1. They are different distances from the sun
  2. Each planet has a name
  3. Each planet moves in its own orbit
  4. They are not all the same size
  5. They do not all look the same.
76
Q

Name the 8 planets

A
  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Earth
  4. Mars
  5. Jupiter
  6. Saturn
  7. Uranus
  8. Neptune
77
Q

Why does earth get light and heat from the sun

A

To support life

78
Q

What does the sun’s heat do

A

It warms earth and that helps animals and plants to survive

79
Q

When do we receive light

A

during the day

80
Q

What are heat and light types of?

A

Energy

81
Q

What does life of earth need to survive?

A

Water and energy

82
Q

What helps us to survive

A

The sun’s heat and light

83
Q

What starts the energy chain

A

The light from the sun

84
Q

What does all living things need for the 7 life processes

A

Energy

85
Q

How does energy from the sun move

A

It moves along the energy chain to plants and then to animals.

86
Q

What does everything on earth need to survive?

A

Warmth

87
Q

Where does earth receive its warmth from to provide for the plants and animals?

A

From the heat of the sun

88
Q

What can kill plants and animals

A

Too much or too little heat

89
Q

Do all places on earth receive the same amount of sun

A

No

90
Q

Can you live any place on earth and why

A

No, because some are too cold and some are too hot

91
Q

What needs warmth

A

Seeds need it to grow and animals need it to maintain the life processes.,

92
Q

Heat from the sun is also important for what else?

A

The water cycle

93
Q

What is needed to live on earth

A

Rain

94
Q

What does rain do

A

It waters the plants, fills the dams and underground stores which people and animals use

95
Q

What does rivers to with rainwater

A

It takes it down to the sea

96
Q

What is rain a part of

A

The water cycle

97
Q

What does the heat from the sun do to water

A

It causes the water to evaporate

98
Q

Describe the water cycle

A 
Rain falls, bringing liquid to earth
The sun heats the water
The water evaporates
Water vapour cools and condenses
Clouds from and then it rains again
99
Q

What is the shape of the moon

A

It is round like a ball

100
Q

What is the moon made of

A

Rock

101
Q

What is the surface of the moon covered with

A

Dust and pieces of broken rock

102
Q

Is there proper soil on the moon

A

No

103
Q

What did people bring from the moon

A

Pieces of moon rock

104
Q

What are moon rocks similar to?

A

Rocks on earth

105
Q

What are the large dents in the moon called

A

Craters

106
Q

What is a crater

A

a round hole made by something that has fallen on it,

107
Q

What does the moon not have

A

Air and water

108
Q

Why can’t living things survive on the moon

A

Because they need air to live.

109
Q

What does the lack of water on the moon mean

A

No plants or animals on earth can live there

110
Q

Is the moon smaller than earth

A

yes

111
Q

What are some facts about the moon

A

It is the nearest body in space to earth
It is much closer that the sun
The moon is made of rock
It does not produce it’s own light

112
Q

The distance from the earth to the sun is

A

150 000 000km (150 million km)

113
Q

The distance from the earth to the moon is

A

384 400km (three hundred and eighty four thousand four hundred km)

114
Q

Why do you see the moon shining in the sky

A

Because the sun’s light shines onto its surface and lights it up

115
Q

Why can we only see parts of the moon

A

Because the moon is round and we can only see the part that the sun is shining on.

116
Q

What is the changing pattern of sunlight on the moon called

A

The phases of the moon

117
Q

Give the pattern of the phases of the moon

A 
New moon
Young moon
Waxing crescent
waxing quarter
waxing gibbous
Full moon
Waning gibbons
waning quarter
waning crescent
old moon
118
Q

Every how many days does the pattern repeat itself?

A

Every 29 and a half days

119
Q

What did the San people believe about the moon

A

They believed that the Moon was a man who did something that made the sun angry. As punishment the sun slowly sliced pieces off the moon with its sharp rays. Every time there was a thin slice of moon left, he would beg the sun not to let him die and the sun would let the moon grow big again. As soon as he was full size again, the sun would start to slice pieces off him again.

120
Q

What did Tswana people see in the moon

A

Early Tswana people saw a woman carrying a child on her back. Other people saw a man or a woman carrying a bundle of sticks on their back

121
Q

What did the Xhosa people believe about the moon

A

They said the sea coves a big hole. In the hole are many moons. As soon as one moon finished, a new moon rises up into the sky from the whole.

122
Q

Meaning of direction of pointed ends of the moon by the sotho, venda and tswana

A

They saw the moon as bowl. In the bowl were all kinds of sicknesses. When the moon were turned upwards, the sicknesses were held in the bowl and people were safe. When the points turned downwards the bowl emptied the sicknesses onto people, at these times people tried not to go outside after dark.

123
Q

What do people use rockets for?

A

To travel into space

124
Q

What does it mean when a rocket is launched

A

It shoots up fast from earth

125
Q

What is each rocket

A

It is a system that has different parts that work together to make something work.

126
Q

What does every system need

A

Input of energy

127
Q

What to rocket systems do to release the energy they need

A

They burn fuel

128
Q

What do rockets do

A

They take people, equipment and other spacecraft into space

129
Q

What happens to rockets when the fuel is finished

A

It shuts down and drops back to earth

130
Q

What can lighter rockets do

A

They can carry more equipment

131
Q

What do the shape of the rocket do

A

It makes it easier to slip through the air.

132
Q

What is a rocket

A

It is a tall structure that can be propelled into space

133
Q

What does launch mean

A

To send a spacecraft into space

134
Q

What is gravity

A

It is a pull that holds things on earth

135
Q

What is a payload

A

People, equipment and other spacecraft carried by a rocket

136
Q

What is a vehicle

A

It is a machine that is used to carry people or things from one place to another

137
Q

What makes a balloon move

A

The air in the balloon is under pressure. The air is pushing on the balloon and the balloon is pushing on the air. When air is under pressure it tries to escape. When you let go of the balloon. The balloon pushes the air out in one direction. The air pushes the balloon forward in the opposite direction.

138
Q

Who was sir Isaac Newton

A

He was a scientist that lived 300 years ago,

139
Q

What did Isaac Newton discover

A

He discovered that all objects on earth move according to the same rules and laws.

140
Q

Isaac Newton’s 3rd law?

A

For every push in 1 direction there is an equal push in the opposite direction.

141
Q

What a rockets propelled by

A

Hot gases.

142
Q

How do rockets work

A

When liquid full burns inside the rocket, hot gases shoot downwards out of the bottom of the rocket. The rocket is pushed upwards into the sky at a great speed and the rockets is propelled into the sky,

143
Q

What does propel mean

A

To move or push something forward.

144
Q

What is the sun

A

The sun is a star and stars are huge ball of very hot gases.

145
Q

What is the sun’s diameter

A

it is 110 times bigger than the earths diameter

NST GRADE 4 (2 decks)

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