NST - PLANETS Flashcards
What did people believe about earth?
That it was flat and they could fall off the edge
Why did they believe this?
Because when they looked far into the distance it seemed like earth ended where it touched the sky
What proves that earth is not flat
Photographs taken from space
What is Earth shaped like
A Round ball
What is a round shape called?
A Sphere
What is earth made of?
Rock
What happens in the centre of the earth
Rock is so hot that is has melted
What is a feature
An interesting part of something
The surface of the earth is hard and made of what
Rock
What is all the land you see made of
Rock
What is under sand and soil
Hard Rock
How is sand formed
It is formed from rocky surfaces as it crumbles
What is soil
It is sand which has mixed with other things like dead leaves and plants
What are many places on earth covered by?
Large stretches of water
What is underneath water
Hard, rocky land
Is earth’s rocky surface smooth and why?
No, it has huge mountains and deep hollow parts
What can collect in parts of earth’s surface that are hollowed out?
Water
What surrounds Earth’s surface
A layer of air.
What is a surface?
It’s the outside part or top layer of something
How much of earth’s surface is covered by water
More than half
What does water look like from space
It looks blue
What covers most of earth
Seawater
What are oceans
Large salty water surfaces
What names do oceans have in different parts of the world
Atlantic ocean, Indian ocean, Pacific ocean
What are seas
It’s small parts of the ocean
What name is earth called
The blue planet
What are the parts of earth’s surface not covered by water called
Land surfaces
What are land surfaces?
Continents or islands
What are continents
Very large pieces of land
How many continents are there
7
Where is south Africa
It’s at the vert southern part of the african continent
What are islands
Smaller pieces of land surrounded by water.
What is the special layer of air that covers earth called?
The atmosphere
How far is it above the earth’s surface
600km
What does earth’s atmosphere contain
Gases that living things need to breath
What does the layer of air do?
It is like a blanket. It keeps earth warm enough for things to survive
What does earth provide a home to?
Plants, animals and people
What is a habitat
a place where something lives
Why does each living thing need a habitat
to survive
Earth has many different habitats like what
Birds nests, water, jungle etc
What is a lake
A large area of water that has land all around it.
What is earth
It’s a planet
What is a planet
A large object that moves around a star
What is the sun
A Star
Earth is the planet of what?
The sun
What does earth do with the sun
It moves around it,
How many planets does the sun have that move around it?
8 and earth is one of them
Where is the sun and it’s 8 planets
In space
What is space
Its a never ending darkness that is above the earth’s atmosphere
What is in space
objects, gas and dust
What are astronauts
People who travel to space in space ships
What are stars
Objects in space that gives their own light
What is the sun
A very bright star that gives light and warmth to the planet earth. It is near enough to earth for you to see it,
When can you see the sun
In daytime when half of earth is facing towards it.
Why can you see the moon
Because it is the nearest object to earth in space
What is it like on the moon
Cold and dark and it gets light from the sun
Why do you sometimes see a bright shiny moon
Because the light of the sun is reflected from the moon
How many stars are in space
Millions
Why do we only see them as small lights
Because they are so far away
Why can’t we see stars during the day if they shine all the time?
Because the sun is too bright.
What does the earth do to the sun
It travels around it
What is orbit
its a pathway something moves along
What happens to earth in orbit every day
It is in a different position in orbit every day
How does earth travel around the sun
anti clockwise
What is earth’s orbit
its the pathway along which earth moves around the sun
What does the word sol mean
It is the name of the sun in latin
What word do we use when we talk about things that are linked to the sun
Solar
What is the solar system
It is the Sun’s system
What is the solar system made up of
Its made up of the sun and all the objects that move around it
What is the only star in the solar system
The sun
What is the centre of the solar system
The sun.
How many planets are in the solar system
8
What are planets
It is larges spheres that travel around the sun
Why don;t planets make their own heat and light
Because they are not made of hot gas
Name 5 things about planets
- They are different distances from the sun
- Each planet has a name
- Each planet moves in its own orbit
- They are not all the same size
- They do not all look the same.
Name the 8 planets
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
Why does earth get light and heat from the sun
To support life
What does the sun’s heat do
It warms earth and that helps animals and plants to survive
When do we receive light
during the day
What are heat and light types of?
Energy
What does life of earth need to survive?
Water and energy
What helps us to survive
The sun’s heat and light
What starts the energy chain
The light from the sun
What does all living things need for the 7 life processes
Energy
How does energy from the sun move
It moves along the energy chain to plants and then to animals.
What does everything on earth need to survive?
Warmth
Where does earth receive its warmth from to provide for the plants and animals?
From the heat of the sun
What can kill plants and animals
Too much or too little heat
Do all places on earth receive the same amount of sun
No
Can you live any place on earth and why
No, because some are too cold and some are too hot
What needs warmth
Seeds need it to grow and animals need it to maintain the life processes.,
Heat from the sun is also important for what else?
The water cycle
What is needed to live on earth
Rain
What does rain do
It waters the plants, fills the dams and underground stores which people and animals use
What does rivers to with rainwater
It takes it down to the sea
What is rain a part of
The water cycle
What does the heat from the sun do to water
It causes the water to evaporate
Describe the water cycle
Rain falls, bringing liquid to earth The sun heats the water The water evaporates Water vapour cools and condenses Clouds from and then it rains again
What is the shape of the moon
It is round like a ball
What is the moon made of
Rock
What is the surface of the moon covered with
Dust and pieces of broken rock
Is there proper soil on the moon
No
What did people bring from the moon
Pieces of moon rock
What are moon rocks similar to?
Rocks on earth
What are the large dents in the moon called
Craters
What is a crater
a round hole made by something that has fallen on it,
What does the moon not have
Air and water
Why can’t living things survive on the moon
Because they need air to live.
What does the lack of water on the moon mean
No plants or animals on earth can live there
Is the moon smaller than earth
yes
What are some facts about the moon
It is the nearest body in space to earth
It is much closer that the sun
The moon is made of rock
It does not produce it’s own light
The distance from the earth to the sun is
150 000 000km (150 million km)
The distance from the earth to the moon is
384 400km (three hundred and eighty four thousand four hundred km)
Why do you see the moon shining in the sky
Because the sun’s light shines onto its surface and lights it up
Why can we only see parts of the moon
Because the moon is round and we can only see the part that the sun is shining on.
What is the changing pattern of sunlight on the moon called
The phases of the moon
Give the pattern of the phases of the moon
New moon Young moon Waxing crescent waxing quarter waxing gibbous Full moon Waning gibbons waning quarter waning crescent old moon
Every how many days does the pattern repeat itself?
Every 29 and a half days
What did the San people believe about the moon
They believed that the Moon was a man who did something that made the sun angry. As punishment the sun slowly sliced pieces off the moon with its sharp rays. Every time there was a thin slice of moon left, he would beg the sun not to let him die and the sun would let the moon grow big again. As soon as he was full size again, the sun would start to slice pieces off him again.
What did Tswana people see in the moon
Early Tswana people saw a woman carrying a child on her back. Other people saw a man or a woman carrying a bundle of sticks on their back
What did the Xhosa people believe about the moon
They said the sea coves a big hole. In the hole are many moons. As soon as one moon finished, a new moon rises up into the sky from the whole.
Meaning of direction of pointed ends of the moon by the sotho, venda and tswana
They saw the moon as bowl. In the bowl were all kinds of sicknesses. When the moon were turned upwards, the sicknesses were held in the bowl and people were safe. When the points turned downwards the bowl emptied the sicknesses onto people, at these times people tried not to go outside after dark.
What do people use rockets for?
To travel into space
What does it mean when a rocket is launched
It shoots up fast from earth
What is each rocket
It is a system that has different parts that work together to make something work.
What does every system need
Input of energy
What to rocket systems do to release the energy they need
They burn fuel
What do rockets do
They take people, equipment and other spacecraft into space
What happens to rockets when the fuel is finished
It shuts down and drops back to earth
What can lighter rockets do
They can carry more equipment
What do the shape of the rocket do
It makes it easier to slip through the air.
What is a rocket
It is a tall structure that can be propelled into space
What does launch mean
To send a spacecraft into space
What is gravity
It is a pull that holds things on earth
What is a payload
People, equipment and other spacecraft carried by a rocket
What is a vehicle
It is a machine that is used to carry people or things from one place to another
What makes a balloon move
The air in the balloon is under pressure. The air is pushing on the balloon and the balloon is pushing on the air. When air is under pressure it tries to escape. When you let go of the balloon. The balloon pushes the air out in one direction. The air pushes the balloon forward in the opposite direction.
Who was sir Isaac Newton
He was a scientist that lived 300 years ago,
What did Isaac Newton discover
He discovered that all objects on earth move according to the same rules and laws.
Isaac Newton’s 3rd law?
For every push in 1 direction there is an equal push in the opposite direction.
What a rockets propelled by
Hot gases.
How do rockets work
When liquid full burns inside the rocket, hot gases shoot downwards out of the bottom of the rocket. The rocket is pushed upwards into the sky at a great speed and the rockets is propelled into the sky,
What does propel mean
To move or push something forward.
What is the sun
The sun is a star and stars are huge ball of very hot gases.
What is the sun’s diameter
it is 110 times bigger than the earths diameter
