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Nutrition 10 > NST 10 Final > Flashcards

NST 10 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are Macro & Micronutrients

A 
Macronutrients = carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and water
Micronutrients= vitamins and minerals
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2
Q

What is EARs and how often?

A

Estimated Average Requirements

Daily Nutrients intake amounts

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3
Q

What is RDAs and how often?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

daily nutrients intake amounts

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4
Q

What is Als and how often?

A

Adequate Intake and daily intake amounts for nutrients

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5
Q

What is ULs and amount?

A

= Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients

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6
Q

What is EERs and what info dose it provide?

A

= Estimated Energy Requirements

Average daily energy

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7
Q

What is Nutrient Dense

A

A food is nutrient dense when it meets more nutrient needs than calorie need

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8
Q

What is energy dense?

A

When food has alot of energy in it

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9
Q

How to calculate total calories to diet

A

.

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10
Q

Required AMDR for each macro nutrient

A

.

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11
Q

How to calculate percentage of energy from each macro nutrient.

A

.

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12
Q

Structure and Functions of triglycerides?

A

Triglycerides

  • -Structure = 3 fatty acids attached (bond) to glycerol
  • -Function= provide energy, insulate and protect body
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13
Q

Gut Microbiome: Origin and function

A

Microbiome : collectively all the microbes in the human body; a community of microbes.

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14
Q

Structure and Function of Phospholipids

A

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15
Q

Structure and function of sterols

A

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16
Q

Omega-3: structure, dietary sources, and function

A

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17
Q

Omega-6: structure, dietary sources, and function

A

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18
Q

Function of different lipoproteins

A

.

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19
Q

Structure and function of monosaccharide’s

A

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20
Q

Structure and function of Disaccharides

A

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21
Q

Structure and function of Polysaccharides

A

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22
Q

Carbohydrates digestible forms

A

.

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23
Q

Gluten free food and gluten-associated diseases

A

.

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24
Q

Functions of proteins

A 
Producing Vital Body Structures 
Maintaining Fluid Balance
Neurotransmitters 
 Contributing to Immune Function 
 Providing Energy – 4 kcal/g
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25
Q

Protein Digestion

A

.

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26
Q

Protein denaturation

A

Altering protein’s 3 dimensional structure – Acid, alkaline, heat, enzymes, or agitation

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27
Q

Protein absorption

A

.

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28
Q

Protein Symptomsofdeficiencyandexcess

A

.

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29
Q

Nitrogen Balance

A

.

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30
Q

Essentialvs.nonessentialvs. conditional amino acids

A 
Non = Body can produce 
Essential= must be taken via food
Conditional = Essential during infancy, disease or trauma
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31
Q

MicronutrientDeficiency Vulnerablepopulations

A

.

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32
Q

MicronutrientDeficiency Examples:iron,zinc,vitaminA,iodine

A

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33
Q

What is Biofortification

A

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34
Q

What is fortification

A

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35
Q

What is supplementation?

A

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36
Q

What Is dietary diversity?

A

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37
Q

What is Golden Rice?

A

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38
Q

Fat­SolubleVitamins ● VitaminA,D,E,K

A

.

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39
Q

VitaminA ○ Sourcesandstorage

A

.

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40
Q

Vitamin A -Conversionpathwaysbetweendifferentstructuralforms

A

.

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41
Q

Functionandsymptomsofdeficiencyfordifferentformsof vitaminA
■ Retinol ■ Retinal ■ Retinoicacid

A

.

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42
Q

Vitamin D Sources and forms

A

Salmon, tuna, and mackerel. SUN

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43
Q

Vitamin D Roleintheregulationofbloodcalciumlevel

A

calcium transport, the only hormone that can induce intestinal Ca++ absorption.

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44
Q

Vitamin D: Deficiency symptoms

A

rickets, osteoporosis

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45
Q

VitaminBs,C

○ Sources

A

.

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46
Q

VitaminBs,C

○ Functions

A

.

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47
Q

VitaminBs,C

○ Symptoms/ diseases of deficiency

A

.

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48
Q

Bariatricsurgery

○ Prosandcons

A

.

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49
Q

Bariatric Surgery

○ Impactonwater­solubleandfat­solublevitaminstatus

A

.

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50
Q

Dietarysources of Calcium

A

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51
Q

Copper Dietarysources

A

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52
Q

Iron Dietarysources

A

nuts eggs raisins, meat, pork, shellfish

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53
Q

Zinc Dietarysources

A

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54
Q

Zinc functions

A

.

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55
Q

Iron functions

A

functional component of hemoglobin and respiration, every metabolism

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56
Q

Calcium functions

A

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57
Q

Copper Functions

A

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58
Q

Copper deficiency symptoms

A

.

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59
Q

Calcium deficiency symptoms

A

.

60
Q

Zinc deficiency symptoms

A

.

61
Q

Iron deficiency symptoms

A

fatigue, reduces work capacity, and weakens the immune system. Hemocromatosis

62
Q

Geneticdisordersrelatedtocopper,ironandzinc

A

Copper
Iron
Zinc

63
Q

Nutrientrequirementsduringpregnancyanditsdeficiency symptoms
○ Iron

A

.

64
Q

Nutrientrequirementsduringpregnancyanditsdeficiencysymptoms - Folate

A

.

65
Q

Nutrientrequirementsduringpregnancyanditsdeficiencysymptoms ○ Calcium

A

.

66
Q

Weightgaincontrolduringpregnancy

A

.

67
Q

Definitionoffoodinsecurity

A

.

68
Q

Fooddesert

A

.

69
Q

Obesity insecurityparadox

A

.

70
Q

Alcohol ● Absorption

A

.

71
Q

AlcoholMetabolismpathways

A

.

72
Q

Alcohol ● Energy density of alcohol

A

.

73
Q

Alcohol ● Diseases associated with over­consumption

A

.

74
Q

Catabolismvs.anabolism

A

.

75
Q

generateenergyfrom Glucose
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic metabolism

A

.

76
Q

Generate energy from Fat
Beta-oxidation
Ketogenesis

A

.

77
Q

Protein
■ Ketogenicaminoacid
■ Glucogenicaminoacid
■ Gluconeogenesis

A

.

78
Q

How to generate energy from Alcohol

A

.

79
Q

Roleofmicronutrientsinenergymetabolism

A

.

80
Q

Energybalance

A

.

81
Q

Energyexpenditure

A

○ Basal metabolic rate
○ Physical activity
○ Thermic effect of food
○ Adaptive thermogenesis

82
Q

BMIanditslimitation

A

.

83
Q

Anorexianervosa

A

Eating disorder involving a psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self-starvation

84
Q

Bulimianervosa

A

Eating disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten at one time (binge eating) and counteracted by purging food

85
Q

Bingeeatingdisorder

A

.Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating and feelings of loss of control over eating.

86
Q

Componentsofhealthyweightlossprograms

A

.

87
Q

Energysourcesforphysicalactivity

A

.

88
Q

ATP energy source

A

.

89
Q

Phosphocreatine

A

High-energy compound that can be used to re-form ATP from ADP

90
Q

Carbohydrates energy source
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis

A

.

91
Q

Fat energy source

A

.

92
Q

Protein energy source `

A

.

93
Q

Ergogenicaids

A

Substance or treatment nutritional, psychological, pharmacological, mechanical, or physiological substance or treatment intended intended to directly improve exercise performance

94
Q

Differentnutritionalneedsinadolescents

A

.

95
Q

Respectivebenefitsforinfantformulavs.mother’smilk

A

.Factors in human milk promote the maturation of the immune system and intestinal tract. Breastfed infants also have a reduced risk of health problems… formula = more expensive

96
Q

Considerationofwhentointroducesolidfoodstobabies

A

.

97
Q

Potentialnutrition­relatedproblemsofthegrowingyears

A

.

98
Q

Physiologicalchangesduringadultyears

A

.

99
Q

Differentnutritionalneedsinagingadults

A

.

100
Q

Nutritionaldeterioration for adults

A

.

101
Q

Exerciserecommendations for adults

A

.

102
Q

What is DietaryGuidelinesforAmericans

A

.

103
Q

What is MyPlate

A

.

104
Q

ComponentsofGItract

A

.

105
Q

StructureofGItract

A

.

106
Q

Accessoryorgans of GI Tract

A

.

107
Q

Functionofeachorganindigestion in GI Tract

A

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108
Q

GI Tract Secretedchemicals

A

.

109
Q

GI Tract Secretedenzymes

A

.

110
Q

Howdowedigestandabsorbdifferentmacronutrientsfromdiet? Starch ○ Fiber ○ Simplesugar ○ Protein ○ Fat

A

.

111
Q

Wholegrainsvs.refinedgrains

A

.

112
Q

Enrichmentandfortification

A

.

113
Q

Healthbenefitsoffiber

A

.

114
Q

ComponentsofMediterraneandiet

A 
40% kcal form fat is healthy if mostly MUFA 
Features
Regular exercise and rest
Olive oil as main fat
Weekly fish intake
Abundance of fruits and veges
115
Q

RiskfactorsofCVD

A

.

116
Q

Proteincomplementation

A

.

117
Q

Prosandconsofvegetarianism

A

Pro: healthy eatter, greens, stay away from unhealthy foods and trans fat.
Cons: lack of B12, Calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, high-quality protein, riboflavin

118
Q

Proteinquality

A

.

119
Q

Definitionofdietarysupplements

A

.

120
Q

Supplementsregulation ○ FTC ○ FDA ○ USP ○ cGMP

A

.

121
Q

Supplementlabelingregulation include/ not include

A 
Include: Ingredients
Amount in each pill
Daily Value 
Daily Dose
Common name of plant
NOT include 
Claim the product can cure disease
122
Q

Potentialproblemofusing%DV

A

.

123
Q

What is SNAP

A

SNAP = working, low income, cannot purchase certain foods

entitlement program- support everyone that applies .

124
Q

What is WIC

A

WIC= qualify pregnant, breastfeeding, kids up to 5 at nutritional risk
not entitlement- they cannot support everyone

125
Q

what is NLSP

A

NSLP= increase fruits and veges in lunch, only get 3$ per meal so cannot meet needs

126
Q

What is entitlement program and grant program

A

Entitlement Anyone who applies for program they receive it ……Grant is the program is awarded an amount of money to spend and thats it.

127
Q

Potentialreasonofunderutilization

A

.

128
Q

Threetypesofnutritionresearchandtheirpotentialpitfalls

A

Observationalstudies Humanexperiments Labanimalexperiment

129
Q

Characteristicsoffaddiets

A

.

130
Q

Potentialproblemsoffaddiets

A

.

131
Q

Buildingahealthydiet

A

.

132
Q

Realfoodvsprocessfood

A

.

133
Q

Threecomponentsofagoodexperiment

A

.Quantifiable data: things that can be measured
Appropriate experimental group: experimental group
Proper controls: control group to compare your findings

134
Q

what is basal metabolism

A

Minimum amount of energy the body uses to support itself

135
Q

what is thermic effect of food?

A

Energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients.

136
Q

what is thermogenesis?

A

Heat production by humans.

137
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

The pathway to produce glucose from certain amino acids…present only in liver cells and certain kidney cells.

138
Q

What energy source for following level of activity? 2-4 seconds, 60 sec., Short-term/high intensity, Prolonged/long intensity?

A 
2-4 = ATP
60sec= Phosphocreatine
short/high= Carbohydrates 
prolong/low= fat
139
Q

Alcohol Metabolism

A

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway is the main pathway for alcohol metabolism..

140
Q

Hunger Obesity Paradox

A

prevalence of obesity and food insecurity

141
Q

Complete Vs Incomplete Proteins

A 
Complete= Adequate amounts of all  the essential amino acids +  Animal proteins, except gelatin 
Incomplete= Inadequate amounts of 1 or more of the essential amino acids +  Plant proteins, except soybeans
142
Q

Adaptation of Protein Synthesis

A

Constant state of breakdown, rebuilding and repair (protein turnover) in response to diet, exercise, etc

143
Q

Water-soluble vitamin common functions and dietary sources

A

Functions: to maintain normal function, growth, and maintenance of body tissues.
Sources: fruits and vegetables

144
Q

Protein needs: DV, RDA men and women, ADMR

A

.

145
Q

Golden Rice

A

Engineered rice GMO to make provitamin A

146
Q

Define DALYs

A

Disability Adjusted Life Years

DALYs = Years of life lost, and Years lived with disability

Nutrition 10 (5 decks)

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