NRSR 21 Lesson 22: Culture and Nursing

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

Process of adapting to and adopting a new culture. (Potter 1297)

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

To become absorbed into another culture and adopt its characteristics. (Potter 1297)

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

Integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups. (Potter 1299-1300)

Question 4

culture care accommodation or negotiation

Answer 4

Adapting or negotiating with the patient/families to achieve beneficial or satisfying health outcomes. (Potter 1299)

Question 5

cultural care preservation or maintenance

Answer 5

Retaining and/or preserving relevant care values so patients are able to maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death. (Potter 1299)

Question 6

cultural care preservation or restructuring

Answer 6

Reordering, changing, or greatly modifying a patient’s/family’s customs for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern. (Potter 1299)

Question 7

cultural competence

Answer 7

Process in which the health care professional continually strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively with individuals, families, and communities. (Potter 1299)

Question 8

cultural imposition

Answer 8

Using one’s own values and customs as an absolute guide in interpreting behaviors. (Potter 1299)

Question 9

cultural pain

Answer 9

Feeling that a patient has after a health care worker disregards the patient’s valued way of life. (Potter 1299)

Question 10

culturally congruent care

Answer 10

Care that fits people’s valued life patterns and sets of meanings generated from the people themselves. Sometimes this differs from the professionals’ perspective on care. (Potter 1299)

Question 11

emic world view

Answer 11

Insider or native perspective. (Potter 1301)

Question 12

subcultures

Answer 12

Various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture. (Potter 1310)

Question 13

transcultural nursing

Answer 13

Distinct discipline developed by Leininger that focuses on the comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences among groups of people. (Potter 1311)

Question 14

ethicity

Answer 14

refers to a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics. (Potter 102)

Question 15

etic worldview

Answer 15

an outsider perspective (Potter 102)

Question 16

enculturation

Answer 16

Socialization into one’s primary culture as a child (Potter 103)

Question 17

Biculturalism

Answer 17

occurs when an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures (Potter 103)

Question 18

Cultural competence: 1. Cultural Awareness

Answer 18

An in-depth self-examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people (Potter 103)

Question 19

Cultural competence: 2. Cultural Knowledge

Answer 19

Obtaining sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups, including their indigenous values, health beliefs, care practices, worldview, and bicultural ecology (Potter 103)

Question 20

Cultural competence: 3. Cultural skills

Answer 20

Being able to assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of patients (Potter 103)

Question 21

Cultural competence: 4. Cultural encounters

Answer 21

Engaging in cross-cultural interactions that provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development (Potter 103)

Question 22

Cultural competence: 5. Cultural Desire

Answer 22

The motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others, accept the role as learner, be open and accepting of cultural differences, and build on cultural similarities (Potter 103)

Question 23

Ethocentrism

Answer 23

a tendency to hold one’s own way of life as superior to others. Ethnocentrism is the cause of biases and prejudices that associate negative permanent characteristics with people who are different from the valued group. (Potter 103)

Question 24

Cultural Imposition

Answer 24

a tendency to hold one’s own way of life as superior to others. Ethnocentrism is the cause of biases and prejudices that associate negative permanent characteristics with people who are different from the valued group. (Potter 103)

Question 25

Personalistic practitioners

Answer 25

believe that an external agent, which can be human (i.e., sorcerer) or nonhuman (e.g., ghosts, evil, or deity), causes health and illness. Personalistic beliefs emphasize the importance of humans’ relationships with others, both living and deceased, and with their deities. (Potter 104)

Question 26

Naturalistic practioners

Answer 26

attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body. Healing emphasizes use of naturalistic modalities, including herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage, and surgery. (Potter 104)

Question 27

Culture-bound syndromes

Answer 27

are illnesses that are specific to one culture. They are used to explain personal and social reactions of the members of the culture. (Potter 104)

Question 28

Culture Pain

Answer 28

when health care providers disregard values or cultural beliefs (Maputle and Jali, 2006). Inability of Orthodox Jews to pray in groups at the bedside with the dying patient because of limitations in the number of visitors allowed causes cultural pain in the patient and family (Potter 107)

Question 29

Ethnohistory

Answer 29

refers to significant historical experiences of a particular group. For example, many older Americans tend to be frugal and save everything because of their experience with the Great Depression. (Potter 107)

Question 30

Implications for Practice

Answer 30

• Set culture care as a priority.
• Approach patients and families in a culturally sensitive manner.
• Engage in negotiated partnerships with patients and families.
• Enable the families and social networks of patients to serve as backup support. (Potter 108)

Question 31

Nursing Assessment Questions: Open Ended

Answer 31

• What do you think caused your illness?

* How do you want us to help you with your problem? (Potter 109)

Question 32

Nursing Assessment Questions: Focused

Answer 32

• Did you have this problem before?

* Is there someone you want us to talk to about your care? (Potter 109)

Question 33

Nursing Assessment Questions: Contrast

Answer 33

• How different is this problem from the one you had previously?
• What is the difference between what we are doing and what you think we should be doing for you? (Potter 109)

Question 34

Nursing Assessment Questions: Ethnohistory

Answer 34

• How long have you/your parents resided in this country?
• What is your ethnic background or ancestry?
• How strongly does your culture influence you?
• Tell me why you left your homeland. (Potter 109)

Question 35

Nursing Assessment Questions: Social Organization

Answer 35

• How long have you/your parents resided in this country?
• What is your ethnic background or ancestry?
• How strongly does your culture influence you?
• Tell me why you left your homeland. (Potter 109)

Question 36

Nursing Assessment Questions: Socioeconomic Studies

Answer 36

• What do you do for a living?

* How different is your life here from back home? (Potter 109)

Question 37

Nursing Assessment Questions: Bicultural Ecology and Health Risks

Answer 37

• What caused your problem?
• How does this problem affect or how has it affected your life and your family?
• How do you treat this problem at home?
• What other problems do you have? (Potter 109)

Question 38

Nursing Assessment Questions: Language and Communication

Answer 38

• What language(s) do you speak at home?
• What language(s) do you use to read and write?
• How should we address you or what should we call you?
• What kinds of communication upset or offend you? (Potter 109)

Question 39

Nursing Assessment Questions: Caring beliefs and practices

Answer 39

• What do you do to keep yourself well?
• What do you do to show someone you care?
• How do you take care of sick family members?
• Which caregivers do you seek when you are sick?
• How different is what we do from what your family does for you when you are sick? (Potter 109)