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4-SEM1 > NRSG 366 > Flashcards

NRSG 366 Flashcards

1
Q

Global and Australian chronic diseases

A

Global: CVD
Australian: Ischaemic heart disease (lack of blood supply to heart)

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2
Q

Australian national health priorities (top 4/10)

A
  1. Cancer
  2. CVD/Stroke
  3. Diabetes
  4. Mental health
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3
Q

Principles of consumer-centred care

A 
CLIENT IS CENTRE OF CARE
RECOGNISE INDIVIDUAL
SELF-MANAGEMENT
Client needs in circumstances
Evidence-based information
Client goals
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4
Q

What is diabetes

A

Metabolic disorder
T1 - No insulin
T2 - Minimal insulin/insulin resistance

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5
Q

BGL marker (glycosylated haemoglobin)

A

HbA1c

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6
Q

Stolen generation on indigenous statistic

A

Up to 1in3 - 1in10 Aboriginal children were forcibly removed from their families

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7
Q

Impact of stolen generation

A

Higher levels of:

  • suicide
  • drug consumption
  • Morbidity/mortality
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8
Q

Close the Gap Goal

A

Close health expectancy gap between indigenous and non-indigenous

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9
Q

3 Approaches in community care

A
  1. Authoritarian approach (expert)
  2. Paternalistic approach (consults)
  3. Partnership approach (decision making)
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10
Q

Define health promotion

A

Process of enabling individuals to increase control over their health

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11
Q

Define POLYuria, OLIGuria, ANuria

A

Polyuria - LARGE volumes > 2.5L/day
Oliguria - SMALL <400mLs/day
Anuria - <100mLs/day

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12
Q

3 Functions of Kidneys

A

Eliminate toxins/water
Regulate blood pH
Produce hormones (erythropoietin - produces RBC’s)

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13
Q

Stages of kidney disease (5)

A 
1 - GFR 90
2 - 60-90
3 - 30
4 - 15
5 - <15
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14
Q

Define cerebral infarct

A

Brain damage

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15
Q

Define Stigma

A

Negative discrimination/exclusion

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16
Q

Four-type model of adjustment

A
  1. Accommodation - make goals
  2. Secondary gain - compensate with rewards
  3. Active denial
  4. Resignation
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17
Q

Community health ‘models of care’

A
  • Biomedical
  • Bio-pyschosocial
  • Social
  • Community:
    1. Primary
    2. Secondary
    3. Tertiary
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18
Q

Types of community care

A

Primary: Health promotion
Secondary: After disease is present
Tertiary: Rehabilitation

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19
Q

Pathophysiology of MS

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder causing inflammation and de-myelination of CNS
Damage = impaired motor, sensory, cognitive functions

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20
Q

Myelinated vs non-myelinated nerve

A

M: Faster 120m/s

N-M: 3m/s

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21
Q

Immune cells in MS

A

T cells become sensitised>activated>create damaging chronic inflammation

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22
Q

Types of MS

A

Relapsing-remitting (acute, full or partial recovery)
Relapsing-progressive (Function does not return)
Primary progressive
Secondary progressive

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23
Q

Treatment options for MS

A

Immunomodulators (regulates immune system)
Steroids
Anti-inflammatories/Fingolimod

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24
Q

Types of contacts for patients

A

POA: Assets
Guardian: Health decisions when incapable
Emergency contact: First call of contact in emergency

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25
Q

Pathophysiology of pain

A

Nociceptive impulse > form of stimuli > nerve transmission

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26
Q

Categories of pain

A

Nociceptive: Acute, resolves
Somatic: Bones, muscles, joints
Visceral: Organs

27
Q

Define chronic pain

A

Pain persisting > 3 months

28
Q

Define hypoesthesia

A

Reduced sensation

29
Q

Hyperalgesia/Hyperesthesia

A

Increased sensitivity to pain

30
Q

Define resilience

A

Adjustment to adversity

31
Q

Types of renal failure

A
  1. Acute kidney injury (AKI)

2. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

32
Q

Define Acute kidney injury (AKI)

A

Rapid progressive loss of kidney function. Can be reversible

Cause: Temporary blood flow restriction, physical injury, overload of toxins/waste

33
Q

Types of Acute kidney injury (AKI)

A

Pre- arteries
Intra- kidneys
Post- ureters, bladder, prostate gland

34
Q

Define Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A

Slow progressive irreversible decline in kidney function

35
Q

Main causes of Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Glomerulonephritis
  3. Uncontrolled chronic HTN
36
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Tenckhoff catheter

Peritoneum acts as filtering membrane to allow osmosis and diffusion

37
Q

Define osmosis and diffusion in peritoneal dialysis

A

Osmosis: Moves excess water from blood stream to dialysate
Diffusion: Moves waste products from blood to dialysate

38
Q

Define dialysate

A

High concentration of glucose that easily dissolves waste products

39
Q

How often is a peritoneal dialysis bag changed

A

Up to 4x a day

40
Q

What are B-islet/Beta cells

A

Produce insulin in the pancreas

In diabetes there is a failure of pancreatic cells to respond to insulin

41
Q

Some causes of diabetes

A
  1. Beta/B-islet cell dysfunction

2. Hepatic gluconeogenesis disorder

42
Q

Define Hepatic gluconeogenesis

A

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbs

43
Q

Diabetes and kidney failure

A

The nephrons in the kidney excrete high BGL’s. Overtime high BGL’s cause damage to the nephrons

44
Q

Medication Ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor for HTN and reduce fluid overload

45
Q

Medication Nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker for HTN and reduce fluid overload

46
Q

Medication Caltrate

A

Regulates phosphate and calcium levels - because kidneys are unable to do so

47
Q

Medication Darbepoetin Alpha

A

Man made hormone: Erythropoietin
Usually produced by kidneys
Produces RBC’s

48
Q

Define Azotemia

A

Elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels due to kidney failure

49
Q

Types of Psychosocial issues

A

Autonomy, control

50
Q

Define stroke

A

Disruption of blood supply to brain/vascular occlusion

51
Q

Types of strokes

A

Ischaemic: Embolic, thrombotic
Haemorrhage: Subarachnoid, intracerebral
TIA’s (resolves within <24hrs)

52
Q

Purpose of Virchow’s triad

A

Predisopsing factors of thrombus formation

  1. Stasis
  2. Hypercoagulability
  3. Wall damage
53
Q

Types of haemorrhagic stroke

A

Subarachnoid

Intracerebal

54
Q

Signs/symptoms of a stroke

A 
FAST
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
55
Q

Treatments for stroke

A 
Ischaemic:
- Thrombolysis
- Antithrombotic therapy
- Stenting
Haemorrhagic: 
- Anticoagulants
AND decrease BP
56
Q

Types of dialysis for renal failure

A

Acute: Haemodialysis

Chronic Peritoneal dialysis

57
Q

Waste products removed by kidneys

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Water
Creatinine
Urea
58
Q

Beta agonist vs blocker

A

Agonist: Smooth muscle relaxant
Blocker: Vessel vasodilator

59
Q

Propanolol

A

Beta blocker for HTN, arrhythmias

60
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Nitrates = Vasodilator for heart failure

61
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant prevents stroke in AF, thrombosis

62
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac glycoside (affects ION channel pumps causing slow forceful contractions of heart) for heart failure, AF

63
Q

Symbicort
Indacaterol
Salbutamol

A

Beta agonist (smooth muscle relaxant and specifically bronchodilator) for COPD, asthma etc

4-SEM1 (2 decks)

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