NREMT PEARLS Flashcards
1
Q
High heart rate, Low BP
A
Think bleed/dehydration
2
Q
Flat jugular veins when supine
A
Think bleed/dehydration
3
Q
Hot skin in shock patient
A
Think septic shock, look for source.
4
Q
Female patient on birth control and or smoking
A
Think PE
5
Q
Hive, laryngeal edema
A
Allergic reaction or anaphylactic
6
Q
Stridor exists
A
with anaphylaxis related to throat swelling
7
Q
Hive
A
Swollen capillary bed
8
Q
Urticaria
A
Hive related itching
9
Q
Cool clammy skin think
A
Shock
10
Q
Cool clammy skin above, warm red below think
A
Neurogenic shock
11
Q
Difference between spinal and neurogenic shock
A
Spinal is temporary.
12
Q
Hives think
A
Allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock
13
Q
Med for anaphylaxis with no airway involvement think
A
Benadryl 25-50mg
14
Q
Med for anaphylaxis with airway involvement think
A
Epi 1:1,000 IM .3mg
15
Q
Person on ace inhibitor with laryngeal edema, and stridor think
A
Allergic response
16
Q
ACE inhibitors are given for
A
HTN
17
Q
Most common ace inhibitor
A
Lisinopril
18
Q
Ace inhibitors role
A
Help relax veins and arteries to lower BP
19
Q
Heart beating out of chest think
A
SVT
20
Q
Most common form of SVT
A
WPW wolf parkinson white
21
Q
Abnormal growth of conductive tissues
A
Jones fiber, Fibers of kent
22
Q
Crushing substernal chest pain think
A
MI
23
Q
Treatment for MI
A
MONA Morphine Oxygen Nitro Aspirin
24
Q
Sudden onset of SOB think
A
PE
25
Women often describe MI pain as
Sharp or burning
26
COPD patients are hypercarbic. Hypercarbic is a condition that
cannot blow of CO2
27
Normal PACO2
35-45
28
Hypercarbic is blood gas level above
45
29
Any female of child bearing age with stomach pain
Ectopic pregnancy
30
S/S of ectopic pregnancy usually occurs within
4-10 weeks after implanation.
31
Tall skinny males with sudden onset of SOB think
Spontaneous Pneumo
32
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a
closed pneumothorax
33
If patient has a history of Hypertension think
MI, Stroke, or aneurism
34
Number one cause of pulmonary edema
Left sided heart failure.
35
Number one cause of left sided heart failure
MI
36
Number two cause of left sided heart failure
Long term hypertension
37
Only reason to not expose trauma patient
The enviroment
38
Constricted pupils think
Opiates
39
Dilated pupils think
Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine ECT.
40
Sudden sharp tearing pain in pregnant patient 3rd trimester think
abruptio placenta
41
Most common cause of preterm bleeding
Placenta previa
42
Angina that occurs with exertion and goes away with rest
Stable angina
43
Angina that does not go away with rest
Unstable angina
44
Prinzmetals angina
Coronary artery spasms
45
Asthma on ETCo2
Sharkfin waveform. (Shows bronchospasms)
46
Wheezing, cough, one or two word sentences
Asthma
47
Drug classification for asthma
Beta 2
48
The two stages of asthma
1. Bronchospasms
| 2. Inflammation/mucus plugs
49
Most vital operation in early arrest
CPR
50
Immediate localized bite, redness, swelling, progressive muscle spasms of all large muscle groups, nausea and vomiting think
Black Widow spider bite
51
Treatment for black widow spider bite
Diazepam, and calcium gluconate for muscle spasms.
52
Painless small bite surrounded by white ring around the site, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting, joint pain.
Brown Recluse spider bite.
53
Headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachypnea, agitation, loss of coordination, LOC, seizures, cyanosis, cherry red skin think
Carbon monoxide poisoning.
54
Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning
Remove from environment.
55
Possible wenckebach and PVC'S on monitor with bruising on the chest think
Cardiac contusion
56
Increased pressure on the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac
Cardiac tamponade.
57
Treatment for cardiac tamponade
Pericardiocentesis.
58
Paradoxical movement of chest
Flail chest
59
Flail chest treatment
Stabilize with bulky dressings.
60
Respiratory S/S, malaise, low grade fever, rash originates on face or trunk think
Chicken pox
61
Malaise
General feeling of being unwell.
62
Production of a considerable amount of sputum, productive cough lasting at least 3 months out of the year for at least 2 years, overweight, cyanotic think
Chronic bronchitis
63
Mucus is produced by
Goblet cells
64
#1 Cause of chronic bronchitis
Smoking
65
Cor pulmonale or pulmonary heart disease is
Enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart to increase resistance or high blood pressure in lungs.
66
"Red on yellow will kill a fellow" Red ring that touches yellow ring
Coral snake bite
67
Loud barking seal like cough, tachypnea, grunting while breathing, wheezing, Usually occurring at night
Croup
68
Burning sensation in mouth and throat, headache, confusion, combative, hypertension, tachy, seizures think
Cyanide poisoning.
69
Body burning fat rather than glucose
DKA
70
Slow onset, diuresis, warm dry skin, excessive hunger and thirst, malaise, kussmals respirations, fruity/acetone smell=
DKA
71
Treatment for DKA
IV Fluids
72
Diuresis
When kidneys filter too much bodily fluids.
73
Lower left quadrant pain, low grade fever, colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia.
Diverticulitis
74
hematochezia
Passing fresh blood rectally.
75
Barrel chest, decreased chest excursion with prolonged expiratory phase, rapid resting respiratory rate pursed lips think
Emphysema
76
Rapid onset, DROOLING, muffled voice or cry, sore throat, pain with swallowing, difficulty swallowing, drooling, possible stridor.
Epiglottitis
77
Treatment for epiglottitis
O2, BVM assistance, humidified O2.
78
What NOT to do with epiglottitis patients-
Do not stick anything in mouth, intubation CONTRAINDICATED.
79
Graves disease AKA
Hyperthyroidism
80
Agitation, emotional changeability, insomnia, poor heat tolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, weakness, dyspnea tachycardia
Hyperthyroidism. (Graves disease)
81
Sudden drastic increase in thyroid hormones
Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxic crisis)
82
Delirium, coma, low BP, seizures, hyperthermia, irregular HR.
Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxic crisis)
83
Cramps in fingers, arms, legs, or abdominal muscles, mentally alert, weakness, dizzy or faint, warm and moist skin.
Heat cramps
84
Increased body temp, cool and clammy skin, rapid and shallow breathing, weak pulse, possible diahrrhea and muscle cramps, weakness, headache, anxiety, impaired judgement
Heat Exhaustion
85
Cessation of sweating, hot dry skin, very high core temp, deep respirations, Hypotensive.
Heat stroke
86
Heat stroke treatment
Cool aggressively, IV fluids, benzos for seizures.
87
Heat exhaustion treatment
Remove patient from environment and cool patient
88
Blunt or penetrating chest trauma, dyspnea, percussive sounds over site of collecting blood, FLAT JUGULAR VEINS
Hemothorax
89
Treatment for hemothorax
O2, 2 large bore IV's Monitor for transition to
| pneumothorax
90
AMS, Bizarre behavior, Blood glucose less than 90
Hypoglycemia
91
Most common cause is autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Hypothyroidism (Myexedemia)
92
Fatigue, decreased mental function, lethargy, constipation, decreased appetite with increased weight gain, INCREASE TOLLERANCE TO HEAT.
Hypothyroidism (Myexedemia)
93
High fever, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting's, discomfort looking into bright lights, confusion, sleepiness. (Always rule out first when child has fever)
Meningitis
94
Crushing substernal chest pain lasting longer than 30 minutes think
MI
95
MI results in
Death of tissue
96
Viral disease, fever headache, loss of appetite, swelling and pain in parotid glands
MUMPS
97
parotid glands
largest salivary glands. They are located just in front of the ears
98
3mm or larger, sucking chest wound, frothy blood at wound site, penetrating chest trauma
Open Pneumothorax
99
Treatment for open pneumothorax
Cover opening with sterile occlusive dressing sealed on 3 sides, High flow O2
100
Treatment for sucking chest wound
Place gloved hand over the injury while getting your occlusive dressing taped on 3 sides.
101
Dyspnea, cyanosis, JVD, weak thready pulse, decreasing blood pressure, narrowing pulse pressure, becks triad think
Pericardial tamponade
102
Blood in the plural space around the heart.
Pericardial tamponade
103
How to determine if its a pericardial tamponade vs. tension pneumo
listen to breath sounds
104
Chills, deep productive cough, yellow to brown sputum often streaked with blood, pleuritic chest pain think
Pneumonia
105
Blunt or penatrating chest trauma, increasing dyspnea, hypoxic, increasing crackles, diminishing breath sounds, hemoptysis, S&S of shock
Pulmonary contusion (bruised lung)
106
Sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea, possible pleuritic chest pain, possible cough, labored breathing, tachypnea, tachy, JVD, falling BP think
Pulmonary embolism.
107
Stationary clot of blood
Thrombus
108
Moving and can be anything ex. sheared IV catheter
Embolus
109
"Worst headache of my entire life" think
Hemorrhagic stroke
110
Occlusive stroke treatment window
3-4.5 hours
111
Most common form of stroke
Occlusive stroke
112
Chest trauma, severe dyspnea, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, hypoxemia, hyperinflation of affected side
Tension Pneumo
113
Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation confusion, respiratory depression think
Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
114
Treatment for antidepressant toxicity
Sodium bicarb
115
Black tarry stool (melena)
Upper GI bleed
116
The division between the upper and lower GI systems
Ligament of trietz
117
Fever, chills, myalgias (muscle pains), fatigue can be viral or bacterial
Upper respiratory infection
118
Coarse tremors of hands, tongue, eyelids, nausea vomiting's general weakness, sweating, poor sleep think
withdraw syndromes
119
Receptor that monitor levels of O2, CO2, and PH
Chemoreceptors
120
How we evaluate oxygenation of the body
Fick principle
121
Normal PacO2
35-40
122
Increased CO2
Hypercarbia
123
Decreased CO2
Hypocarbia
124
Normal PaO2
80-100
125
hyperventilation, decrease in carbon dioxide
Respiratory alkalosis
126
hypoventilation, increase in carbon dioxide
Respiratory acidosis
127
Mucous in the airway (sounds like blowing bubbles through a milkshake)
Ronchi
128
Indicative of fluid in the lower airway, pulmonary edema
Rales or (Crackles)
129
Upper airway obstruction, foreign body airway obstruction, epiglottitis in children older than 3 or 4 (harsh whistling sound)
Stridor
130
Fluid in the lower airways, asthma bronchoconstriction (lower airway)
Bilateral wheezes
131
Purpose is to eliminate acid, therefore you would also see in aspirin OD, think DKA
Kussmaul's respirations
132
Caused by soft tissue in back of the throat (or the togue)
Snoring respirations
133
A drop in pulse during inspiration that occurs in any disease that places additional pressure on the heart such as COPD, asthma, cardiac tamponade ETC.
Pulsus paradoxus
134
Liquid protien substance that coats the alveoli
Surfactant
135
Transport of O2&CO2 across a membrane
Respirations
136
A reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lungs
Herring-Breuer Inflation reflex
137
Best seal when using BVM
2 person E-C technique
138
Pulmonary edema is treated with
nitro, morphine, lasix, CPAP
139
Nerve that controls the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
140
Lungs contain what receptor and what type of muscle
Beta 2 receptor site, and is a smooth muscle
141
Any abnormal condition that affects the hearts arteries, producing various effects, especially reducing the flow of O2 and nutrients to the myocardium
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
142
No injury to cardiac tissue, inverted T waves, and ST depression.
Angina
143
ST elevation in all leads think
Pericarditis
144
Compensated shock vitals
BP normal, HR up, R up
145
Decompensated shock vitals
BP falls, HR and R begin falling
146
Olfactory nerves
Sensory, smells
147
Facial nerves
Sensory : Taste
| Motor: Facial expressions, lacramal, salivary glands
148
Bleed between skull and dura:
| Patient knocked unconscious, regains consciousness and rapidly deteriorates.
Epidural
149
Bleed between the dura and brain, usually venous, patient knocked unconscious regains consciousness then deteriorates slowly
Subdural
150
Bleed within the brain itself usually devastating, brain stem herniation produces Cushing's reflex
Intra cerebral
151
3 layers from skull to the brain
1. Dura
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia matter
152
Kehrs sign
Referred pain down the left shoulder. Indicative of ruptured spleen.
153
Cullens sign
Ecchymosis in umbilical area seen with pancreatitis.
154
Grey turners sign
Discoloration over flanks suggesting intra abdominal bleeding
155
Murphys sign
Acute cholecystitis
156
ST elevations in leads V1, V2
Septal MI
157
ST elevation in leads V3, V4
Anterior MI
158
ST elevation in 1, AVL, V5, V6
Lateral MI
159
ST elevation in leads 2, 3, AVF
Inferior MI
160
Respiratory acidosis cause
Breathing too slow. Not breathing off CO2
161
Respiratory alkalosis cause
Breathing too fast
162
Metabolic acidosis
Making too much acid
163
Metabolic alkalosis
Excessive vommiting
164
Lightheadedness, breathlessness, weakness, headache nausea vomiting 6600 feet
Acute mountain sickness
165
Progressive weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss think
Addison's disease (Hypoadrenalism)
166
Destruction of the lining in the digestive tract, sometimes fissures, cramping, diarrhea, pain, bleeding, malnutrition think
Crohn's disease.
167
Burning sensation of the mouth and throat, headache, confusion, combative, hypertensive, tachy,
Cyanide poisoning
168
Weight gain, moon faced appearance, buffalo hump, thinning to almost transparent skin, bruises easily think
Hyperadrenalism (Cushing's syndrome)
169
Mild hypothermia temp
90-95
170
Moderate hypothermia temp
82-90
171
Severe hypothermia
68-82
