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NREMT PEARLS Flashcards

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1
Q

High heart rate, Low BP

A

Think bleed/dehydration

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2
Q

Flat jugular veins when supine

A

Think bleed/dehydration

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3
Q

Hot skin in shock patient

A

Think septic shock, look for source.

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4
Q

Female patient on birth control and or smoking

A

Think PE

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5
Q

Hive, laryngeal edema

A

Allergic reaction or anaphylactic

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6
Q

Stridor exists

A

with anaphylaxis related to throat swelling

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7
Q

Hive

A

Swollen capillary bed

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8
Q

Urticaria

A

Hive related itching

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9
Q

Cool clammy skin think

A

Shock

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10
Q

Cool clammy skin above, warm red below think

A

Neurogenic shock

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11
Q

Difference between spinal and neurogenic shock

A

Spinal is temporary.

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12
Q

Hives think

A

Allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock

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13
Q

Med for anaphylaxis with no airway involvement think

A

Benadryl 25-50mg

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14
Q

Med for anaphylaxis with airway involvement think

A

Epi 1:1,000 IM .3mg

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15
Q

Person on ace inhibitor with laryngeal edema, and stridor think

A

Allergic response

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16
Q

ACE inhibitors are given for

A

HTN

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17
Q

Most common ace inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

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18
Q

Ace inhibitors role

A

Help relax veins and arteries to lower BP

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19
Q

Heart beating out of chest think

A

SVT

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20
Q

Most common form of SVT

A

WPW wolf parkinson white

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21
Q

Abnormal growth of conductive tissues

A

Jones fiber, Fibers of kent

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22
Q

Crushing substernal chest pain think

A

MI

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23
Q

Treatment for MI

A 
MONA
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitro
Aspirin
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24
Q

Sudden onset of SOB think

A

PE

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25
Q

Women often describe MI pain as

A

Sharp or burning

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26
Q

COPD patients are hypercarbic. Hypercarbic is a condition that

A

cannot blow of CO2

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27
Q

Normal PACO2

A

35-45

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28
Q

Hypercarbic is blood gas level above

A

45

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29
Q

Any female of child bearing age with stomach pain

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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30
Q

S/S of ectopic pregnancy usually occurs within

A

4-10 weeks after implanation.

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31
Q

Tall skinny males with sudden onset of SOB think

A

Spontaneous Pneumo

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32
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a

A

closed pneumothorax

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33
Q

If patient has a history of Hypertension think

A

MI, Stroke, or aneurism

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34
Q

Number one cause of pulmonary edema

A

Left sided heart failure.

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35
Q

Number one cause of left sided heart failure

A

MI

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36
Q

Number two cause of left sided heart failure

A

Long term hypertension

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37
Q

Only reason to not expose trauma patient

A

The enviroment

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38
Q

Constricted pupils think

A

Opiates

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39
Q

Dilated pupils think

A

Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine ECT.

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40
Q

Sudden sharp tearing pain in pregnant patient 3rd trimester think

A

abruptio placenta

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41
Q

Most common cause of preterm bleeding

A

Placenta previa

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42
Q

Angina that occurs with exertion and goes away with rest

A

Stable angina

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43
Q

Angina that does not go away with rest

A

Unstable angina

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44
Q

Prinzmetals angina

A

Coronary artery spasms

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45
Q

Asthma on ETCo2

A

Sharkfin waveform. (Shows bronchospasms)

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46
Q

Wheezing, cough, one or two word sentences

A

Asthma

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47
Q

Drug classification for asthma

A

Beta 2

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48
Q

The two stages of asthma

A
  1. Bronchospasms

2. Inflammation/mucus plugs

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49
Q

Most vital operation in early arrest

A

CPR

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50
Q

Immediate localized bite, redness, swelling, progressive muscle spasms of all large muscle groups, nausea and vomiting think

A

Black Widow spider bite

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51
Q

Treatment for black widow spider bite

A

Diazepam, and calcium gluconate for muscle spasms.

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52
Q

Painless small bite surrounded by white ring around the site, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting, joint pain.

A

Brown Recluse spider bite.

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53
Q

Headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachypnea, agitation, loss of coordination, LOC, seizures, cyanosis, cherry red skin think

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning.

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54
Q

Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Remove from environment.

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55
Q

Possible wenckebach and PVC’S on monitor with bruising on the chest think

A

Cardiac contusion

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56
Q

Increased pressure on the heart from fluid in the pericardial sac

A

Cardiac tamponade.

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57
Q

Treatment for cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis.

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58
Q

Paradoxical movement of chest

A

Flail chest

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59
Q

Flail chest treatment

A

Stabilize with bulky dressings.

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60
Q

Respiratory S/S, malaise, low grade fever, rash originates on face or trunk think

A

Chicken pox

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61
Q

Malaise

A

General feeling of being unwell.

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62
Q

Production of a considerable amount of sputum, productive cough lasting at least 3 months out of the year for at least 2 years, overweight, cyanotic think

A

Chronic bronchitis

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63
Q

Mucus is produced by

A

Goblet cells

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64
Q

1 Cause of chronic bronchitis

A

Smoking

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65
Q

Cor pulmonale or pulmonary heart disease is

A

Enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart to increase resistance or high blood pressure in lungs.

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66
Q

“Red on yellow will kill a fellow” Red ring that touches yellow ring

A

Coral snake bite

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67
Q

Loud barking seal like cough, tachypnea, grunting while breathing, wheezing, Usually occurring at night

A

Croup

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68
Q

Burning sensation in mouth and throat, headache, confusion, combative, hypertension, tachy, seizures think

A

Cyanide poisoning.

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69
Q

Body burning fat rather than glucose

A

DKA

70
Q

Slow onset, diuresis, warm dry skin, excessive hunger and thirst, malaise, kussmals respirations, fruity/acetone smell=

A

DKA

71
Q

Treatment for DKA

A

IV Fluids

72
Q

Diuresis

A

When kidneys filter too much bodily fluids.

73
Q

Lower left quadrant pain, low grade fever, colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, hematochezia.

A

Diverticulitis

74
Q

hematochezia

A

Passing fresh blood rectally.

75
Q

Barrel chest, decreased chest excursion with prolonged expiratory phase, rapid resting respiratory rate pursed lips think

A

Emphysema

76
Q

Rapid onset, DROOLING, muffled voice or cry, sore throat, pain with swallowing, difficulty swallowing, drooling, possible stridor.

A

Epiglottitis

77
Q

Treatment for epiglottitis

A

O2, BVM assistance, humidified O2.

78
Q

What NOT to do with epiglottitis patients-

A

Do not stick anything in mouth, intubation CONTRAINDICATED.

79
Q

Graves disease AKA

A

Hyperthyroidism

80
Q

Agitation, emotional changeability, insomnia, poor heat tolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, weakness, dyspnea tachycardia

A

Hyperthyroidism. (Graves disease)

81
Q

Sudden drastic increase in thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxic crisis)

82
Q

Delirium, coma, low BP, seizures, hyperthermia, irregular HR.

A

Thyroid storm (Thyrotoxic crisis)

83
Q

Cramps in fingers, arms, legs, or abdominal muscles, mentally alert, weakness, dizzy or faint, warm and moist skin.

A

Heat cramps

84
Q

Increased body temp, cool and clammy skin, rapid and shallow breathing, weak pulse, possible diahrrhea and muscle cramps, weakness, headache, anxiety, impaired judgement

A

Heat Exhaustion

85
Q

Cessation of sweating, hot dry skin, very high core temp, deep respirations, Hypotensive.

A

Heat stroke

86
Q

Heat stroke treatment

A

Cool aggressively, IV fluids, benzos for seizures.

87
Q

Heat exhaustion treatment

A

Remove patient from environment and cool patient

88
Q

Blunt or penetrating chest trauma, dyspnea, percussive sounds over site of collecting blood, FLAT JUGULAR VEINS

A

Hemothorax

89
Q

Treatment for hemothorax

A

O2, 2 large bore IV’s Monitor for transition to

pneumothorax

90
Q

AMS, Bizarre behavior, Blood glucose less than 90

A

Hypoglycemia

91
Q

Most common cause is autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A

Hypothyroidism (Myexedemia)

92
Q

Fatigue, decreased mental function, lethargy, constipation, decreased appetite with increased weight gain, INCREASE TOLLERANCE TO HEAT.

A

Hypothyroidism (Myexedemia)

93
Q

High fever, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting’s, discomfort looking into bright lights, confusion, sleepiness. (Always rule out first when child has fever)

A

Meningitis

94
Q

Crushing substernal chest pain lasting longer than 30 minutes think

A

MI

95
Q

MI results in

A

Death of tissue

96
Q

Viral disease, fever headache, loss of appetite, swelling and pain in parotid glands

A

MUMPS

97
Q

parotid glands

A

largest salivary glands. They are located just in front of the ears

98
Q

3mm or larger, sucking chest wound, frothy blood at wound site, penetrating chest trauma

A

Open Pneumothorax

99
Q

Treatment for open pneumothorax

A

Cover opening with sterile occlusive dressing sealed on 3 sides, High flow O2

100
Q

Treatment for sucking chest wound

A

Place gloved hand over the injury while getting your occlusive dressing taped on 3 sides.

101
Q

Dyspnea, cyanosis, JVD, weak thready pulse, decreasing blood pressure, narrowing pulse pressure, becks triad think

A

Pericardial tamponade

102
Q

Blood in the plural space around the heart.

A

Pericardial tamponade

103
Q

How to determine if its a pericardial tamponade vs. tension pneumo

A

listen to breath sounds

104
Q

Chills, deep productive cough, yellow to brown sputum often streaked with blood, pleuritic chest pain think

A

Pneumonia

105
Q

Blunt or penatrating chest trauma, increasing dyspnea, hypoxic, increasing crackles, diminishing breath sounds, hemoptysis, S&S of shock

A

Pulmonary contusion (bruised lung)

106
Q

Sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea, possible pleuritic chest pain, possible cough, labored breathing, tachypnea, tachy, JVD, falling BP think

A

Pulmonary embolism.

107
Q

Stationary clot of blood

A

Thrombus

108
Q

Moving and can be anything ex. sheared IV catheter

A

Embolus

109
Q

“Worst headache of my entire life” think

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

110
Q

Occlusive stroke treatment window

A

3-4.5 hours

111
Q

Most common form of stroke

A

Occlusive stroke

112
Q

Chest trauma, severe dyspnea, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, hypoxemia, hyperinflation of affected side

A

Tension Pneumo

113
Q

Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation confusion, respiratory depression think

A

Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity

114
Q

Treatment for antidepressant toxicity

A

Sodium bicarb

115
Q

Black tarry stool (melena)

A

Upper GI bleed

116
Q

The division between the upper and lower GI systems

A

Ligament of trietz

117
Q

Fever, chills, myalgias (muscle pains), fatigue can be viral or bacterial

A

Upper respiratory infection

118
Q

Coarse tremors of hands, tongue, eyelids, nausea vomiting’s general weakness, sweating, poor sleep think

A

withdraw syndromes

119
Q

Receptor that monitor levels of O2, CO2, and PH

A

Chemoreceptors

120
Q

How we evaluate oxygenation of the body

A

Fick principle

121
Q

Normal PacO2

A

35-40

122
Q

Increased CO2

A

Hypercarbia

123
Q

Decreased CO2

A

Hypocarbia

124
Q

Normal PaO2

A

80-100

125
Q

hyperventilation, decrease in carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory alkalosis

126
Q

hypoventilation, increase in carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory acidosis

127
Q

Mucous in the airway (sounds like blowing bubbles through a milkshake)

A

Ronchi

128
Q

Indicative of fluid in the lower airway, pulmonary edema

A

Rales or (Crackles)

129
Q

Upper airway obstruction, foreign body airway obstruction, epiglottitis in children older than 3 or 4 (harsh whistling sound)

A

Stridor

130
Q

Fluid in the lower airways, asthma bronchoconstriction (lower airway)

A

Bilateral wheezes

131
Q

Purpose is to eliminate acid, therefore you would also see in aspirin OD, think DKA

A

Kussmaul’s respirations

132
Q

Caused by soft tissue in back of the throat (or the togue)

A

Snoring respirations

133
Q

A drop in pulse during inspiration that occurs in any disease that places additional pressure on the heart such as COPD, asthma, cardiac tamponade ETC.

A

Pulsus paradoxus

134
Q

Liquid protien substance that coats the alveoli

A

Surfactant

135
Q

Transport of O2&CO2 across a membrane

A

Respirations

136
Q

A reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lungs

A

Herring-Breuer Inflation reflex

137
Q

Best seal when using BVM

A

2 person E-C technique

138
Q

Pulmonary edema is treated with

A

nitro, morphine, lasix, CPAP

139
Q

Nerve that controls the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

140
Q

Lungs contain what receptor and what type of muscle

A

Beta 2 receptor site, and is a smooth muscle

141
Q

Any abnormal condition that affects the hearts arteries, producing various effects, especially reducing the flow of O2 and nutrients to the myocardium

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

142
Q

No injury to cardiac tissue, inverted T waves, and ST depression.

A

Angina

143
Q

ST elevation in all leads think

A

Pericarditis

144
Q

Compensated shock vitals

A

BP normal, HR up, R up

145
Q

Decompensated shock vitals

A

BP falls, HR and R begin falling

146
Q

Olfactory nerves

A

Sensory, smells

147
Q

Facial nerves

A

Sensory : Taste

Motor: Facial expressions, lacramal, salivary glands

148
Q

Bleed between skull and dura:

Patient knocked unconscious, regains consciousness and rapidly deteriorates.

A

Epidural

149
Q

Bleed between the dura and brain, usually venous, patient knocked unconscious regains consciousness then deteriorates slowly

A

Subdural

150
Q

Bleed within the brain itself usually devastating, brain stem herniation produces Cushing’s reflex

A

Intra cerebral

151
Q

3 layers from skull to the brain

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia matter
152
Q

Kehrs sign

A

Referred pain down the left shoulder. Indicative of ruptured spleen.

153
Q

Cullens sign

A

Ecchymosis in umbilical area seen with pancreatitis.

154
Q

Grey turners sign

A

Discoloration over flanks suggesting intra abdominal bleeding

155
Q

Murphys sign

A

Acute cholecystitis

156
Q

ST elevations in leads V1, V2

A

Septal MI

157
Q

ST elevation in leads V3, V4

A

Anterior MI

158
Q

ST elevation in 1, AVL, V5, V6

A

Lateral MI

159
Q

ST elevation in leads 2, 3, AVF

A

Inferior MI

160
Q

Respiratory acidosis cause

A

Breathing too slow. Not breathing off CO2

161
Q

Respiratory alkalosis cause

A

Breathing too fast

162
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Making too much acid

163
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Excessive vommiting

164
Q

Lightheadedness, breathlessness, weakness, headache nausea vomiting 6600 feet

A

Acute mountain sickness

165
Q

Progressive weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss think

A

Addison’s disease (Hypoadrenalism)

166
Q

Destruction of the lining in the digestive tract, sometimes fissures, cramping, diarrhea, pain, bleeding, malnutrition think

A

Crohn’s disease.

167
Q

Burning sensation of the mouth and throat, headache, confusion, combative, hypertensive, tachy,

A

Cyanide poisoning

168
Q

Weight gain, moon faced appearance, buffalo hump, thinning to almost transparent skin, bruises easily think

A

Hyperadrenalism (Cushing’s syndrome)

169
Q

Mild hypothermia temp

A

90-95

170
Q

Moderate hypothermia temp

A

82-90

171
Q

Severe hypothermia

A

68-82

NREMT (6 decks)

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