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D-P Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes death in shock?

A

Acidosis

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2
Q

Abnormal distribution and return of the blood as seen in anaphylaxis, sepsis, neurogenic shock.

A

Distributive shock

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3
Q

Inadequate cellular perfusion.

A

Shock

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4
Q

Shock causes what

A

Metabolic acidosis.

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5
Q

20% Blood loss

A

Drop in BP

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6
Q

15% Blood loss

A

Narrowing pulse pressure

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7
Q

Cushings reflex

A

Slowing pulse, Rising blood pressure, Erratic Respirations. Sign of head trauma.

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8
Q

Radius is on which side of forearm

A

Thumb side

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9
Q

Subluxation

A

A partial or complete dislocation

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10
Q

Crushing traumatic chest injury

A

Traumatic asphyxia

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11
Q

Rhabdomyolosis

A

Excessive myoglobin release due to the destruction of muscle tissue.

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12
Q

Parkland burn formula

A

4ml x weight in kg x BSA

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13
Q

How many liters of blood does the body have

A

6L

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14
Q

Slow release into a coma, alcoholics and elderly more prone.

A

Subdural hematoma

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15
Q

Occurs rapidly, often associated with damage to the middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural Hematoma

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16
Q

Brown sequard syndrome

A

Condition associated with penetrating trauma-hemisection of spinal cord and complete damage to all spinal tracts on involved side.

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17
Q

GSW to parietal (top) region of the head

A

Direct pressure around the wound.

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18
Q

Normal human PH scale

A

7.35-7.45

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19
Q

Acidic level in humans (when in shock)

A

Anything lower than 7

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20
Q

Pt. has been vommiting/diarrhea or has OD on sodium bicarb

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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21
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of O2

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22
Q

Anaerobic Metabolism

A

Metabolism that takes place in absence of O2

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23
Q

Increase in HR during pregnancy’s

A

15-20

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24
Q

Blood volume during pregnancy

A

30% increase

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25
Q

BP during pregnancy

A

decrease by 10-15 mmHg by 2nd trimester

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26
Q

Normal weight gain

A

approx. 20 Pounds

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27
Q

Umbilical cord makeup

A

AVA (2 arteries 1 vein)

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28
Q

Endometritis

A

Infection / inflammation of uterus

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29
Q

High fever in child

A

Always think meningitis first

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30
Q

Pt. Injured and cannot feel anything below umbilics

What vertebrate

A

T-10

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31
Q

decrease in cell size

A

atrophy

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32
Q

increase in number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

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33
Q

Cell replaced by another cell

A

Metaplasia

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34
Q

How is histamine released

A

Mast cells

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35
Q

T-10

A

Umbilicus

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36
Q

T-4

A

Nipple line

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37
Q

T-3,4,5

A

Keep diaphragm alive

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38
Q

Coup

A

same side as injury

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39
Q

Contre coup

A

Opposite side of injury

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40
Q

Most commonly fractured bone in body

A

Clavicle

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41
Q

Pathogen

A

any disease producing agent >a virus, bacterium, or other microorganisms

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42
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate intracellular paracites > Kill by invading host

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43
Q

Minor (green)

A

Move the walking wounded

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44
Q

Delayed (yellow)

A

All others (pulse with good mental status)

45
Q

Immediate (red)

A

Resps over 30/ no radial pulse/ AMS

46
Q

Dead/ dying (Black)

A

No respirations after head tilt/ OPA

47
Q

If a Red (immediate)Pt. goes into cardiac arrest

A

Tag as black (dead)

48
Q

Pediatric assessment triangle

A

Appearance
circulation to skin
Work of breathing
(WAC)

49
Q

Drug of choice for eclampsia

A

Mag sulfate 1-2 grams

50
Q

Which way does flail chest segment move

A

Moves in not out

51
Q

Seal bark cough

A

croup

52
Q

S1 sound

A

Mitral and tricuspid valve closing (Lub)

53
Q

S2 sound

A

Aortic and pulmonic valves closing (Dub)

54
Q

D.O.P.E

Intubated patient problem

A

Displacement
Obstruction
Pneumothorax
Equipment failure

55
Q

P Wave

A

Atrial Depolarization

56
Q

QRS

A

Ventricular depolarization

57
Q

T wave

A

Repolarization of the ventricles

58
Q

Anterior

A

V3, V4

59
Q

Septal

A

V1, V2

60
Q

Inferior

A

II, III, AVF

61
Q

Lateral

A

I, AVL, V5, V6

62
Q

Symptomatic bradycardia

A

Pace first, if BP is still low also give dopamine

63
Q

Master endocrine gland

A

Pituitary gland. (controlled by the hypothalamus)

64
Q

Insulin does what

A

Facilitates the entry of glucose into the cells.

65
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Autoimmune disease that results in destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas.

66
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Disorder characterized by high glucose in the context of insulin resistance.

67
Q

Fastest way to deliver meds

A

IV

68
Q

Slowest way to deliver meds

A

PO (by mouth)

69
Q

Belly insults can refer pain to shoulders ( ruptured spleen/liver/ectopic pregnancy)

A

Kehr’s sign

70
Q

Birth normal vital signs

A

R-30-60
HR-100-180
Sys. BP- 60-90

71
Q

Preschool 3-5

A

R-22-34
HR-70-110
Sys. BP-95-110

72
Q

Adolescence 13-18

A

R-12-26
HR-60-90
Sys. BP-112-128

73
Q

Best sign of MI

A

Crushing substernal chest pain

74
Q

Levines sign

A

Puts their hands across their chest

75
Q

Nitro and morphine when used to treat MI are used to

A

Decrease preload

76
Q

Positive P wave (upright)

A

Lead II

77
Q

Average volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in one respiratory cycle

A

500ml

78
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Impaired pumping power of the heart, either too fast or too slow. Lack of contractility.

79
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Decrease of blood/water volume.

80
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Allergic reaction, quick onset. Stridor is ominous sign.

81
Q

Septic shock

A

Infection that enters the blood stream and is carried throughout the body.

82
Q

1st organ affected by lack of O2

A

Brain

83
Q

Blood loss needs replaced by crystalloids at what rate

A

3:1

84
Q

Lefort 1

A

Slight instability involving the maxilla

85
Q

Lefort 2

A

Fractures of both the maxilla and nasal bones

86
Q

LeFort 3

A

Fracture to entire face below eyebrows. Zygoma, nasal, maxilla.

87
Q

Biggest concern for facial fractures

A

Protecting the airway.

88
Q

Cullens sign

A

Umbilicus bruising, sign of internal bleeding of belly

89
Q

Grey turner sign

A

Bruising of the flanks. 24-48 hours to appear and predicts a severe acute pancreatitis.

90
Q

How much blood can be lost to a pelvic fracture

A

2000-4000 ML

91
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side

92
Q

When to never perform heimlich maneuver

A

On a drowning victim

93
Q

Best airway movement for C-Spine injury

A

Modified jaw thrust.

94
Q

Eviscerated bowel treatment

A

Cover with moist dressing, then cover with occlusive dressing.

95
Q

1st step with sucking chest wound

A

Cover with gloved hand

96
Q

Suctioning newborn

A

Mouth first then nose. 10 Seconds or less

97
Q

1st stage of labor

A

Begins with contractions-ends when cervix is fully dilated

98
Q

2nd stage of labor

A

begins when cervix is fully dilated-ends with birth of baby

99
Q

3rd stage of labor

A

begins right after birth of baby-ends with delivery of placenta.

100
Q

Petechiae (symptom associated with meningitis)

A

red/purple rash-spots

101
Q

1 indicator of hypoxia in a child

A

bradycardia

102
Q

Hematoma

A

Blood pooling under skin. (bruise)

103
Q

Abrasion

A

Thin layer of skin removed. (scrape)

104
Q

Laceration

A

Deep cut or tear

105
Q

Avulsion

A

Deep break in skin tearing away

106
Q

Needle decompression location

A

2nd intercostal space midcovicular

4th/5th intercostal space ant axillary

107
Q

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood

A

arteries

108
Q

Vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood

A

veins

NREMT (6 decks)

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