D-P Flashcards by Joseph Campbell

What causes death in shock?

Acidosis

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Abnormal distribution and return of the blood as seen in anaphylaxis, sepsis, neurogenic shock.

Distributive shock

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Inadequate cellular perfusion.

Shock

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Shock causes what

Metabolic acidosis.

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20% Blood loss

Drop in BP

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15% Blood loss

Narrowing pulse pressure

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Cushings reflex

Slowing pulse, Rising blood pressure, Erratic Respirations. Sign of head trauma.

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Radius is on which side of forearm

Thumb side

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Subluxation

A partial or complete dislocation

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Crushing traumatic chest injury

Traumatic asphyxia

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Rhabdomyolosis

Excessive myoglobin release due to the destruction of muscle tissue.

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Parkland burn formula

4ml x weight in kg x BSA

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How many liters of blood does the body have

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Slow release into a coma, alcoholics and elderly more prone.

Subdural hematoma

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Occurs rapidly, often associated with damage to the middle meningeal artery

Epidural Hematoma

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Brown sequard syndrome

Condition associated with penetrating trauma-hemisection of spinal cord and complete damage to all spinal tracts on involved side.

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GSW to parietal (top) region of the head

Direct pressure around the wound.

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Normal human PH scale

7.35-7.45

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Acidic level in humans (when in shock)

Anything lower than 7

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Pt. has been vommiting/diarrhea or has OD on sodium bicarb

Metabolic alkalosis

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Aerobic metabolism

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of O2

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Anaerobic Metabolism

Metabolism that takes place in absence of O2

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Increase in HR during pregnancy’s

15-20

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Blood volume during pregnancy

30% increase

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BP during pregnancy

decrease by 10-15 mmHg by 2nd trimester

Normal weight gain

approx. 20 Pounds

Umbilical cord makeup

AVA (2 arteries 1 vein)

Endometritis

Infection / inflammation of uterus

High fever in child

Always think meningitis first

Pt. Injured and cannot feel anything below umbilics | What vertebrate

T-10

decrease in cell size

atrophy

increase in number of cells

Hyperplasia

Cell replaced by another cell

Metaplasia

How is histamine released

Mast cells

T-10

Umbilicus

T-4

Nipple line

T-3,4,5

Keep diaphragm alive

Coup

same side as injury

Contre coup

Opposite side of injury

Most commonly fractured bone in body

Clavicle

Pathogen

any disease producing agent >a virus, bacterium, or other microorganisms

Viruses

Obligate intracellular paracites > Kill by invading host

Minor (green)

Move the walking wounded

Delayed (yellow)

All others (pulse with good mental status)

Immediate (red)

Resps over 30/ no radial pulse/ AMS

Dead/ dying (Black)

No respirations after head tilt/ OPA

If a Red (immediate)Pt. goes into cardiac arrest

Tag as black (dead)

Pediatric assessment triangle

Appearance circulation to skin Work of breathing (WAC)

Drug of choice for eclampsia

Mag sulfate 1-2 grams

Which way does flail chest segment move

Moves in not out

Seal bark cough

croup

S1 sound

Mitral and tricuspid valve closing (Lub)

S2 sound

Aortic and pulmonic valves closing (Dub)

D.O.P.E | Intubated patient problem

Displacement Obstruction Pneumothorax Equipment failure

P Wave

Atrial Depolarization

QRS

Ventricular depolarization

T wave

Repolarization of the ventricles

V3, V4

Septal

V1, V2

Inferior

II, III, AVF

Lateral

I, AVL, V5, V6

Symptomatic bradycardia

Pace first, if BP is still low also give dopamine

Master endocrine gland

Pituitary gland. (controlled by the hypothalamus)

Insulin does what

Facilitates the entry of glucose into the cells.

Type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune disease that results in destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Type 2 diabetes

Disorder characterized by high glucose in the context of insulin resistance.

Fastest way to deliver meds

Slowest way to deliver meds

PO (by mouth)

Belly insults can refer pain to shoulders ( ruptured spleen/liver/ectopic pregnancy)

Kehr's sign

Birth normal vital signs

R-30-60 HR-100-180 Sys. BP- 60-90

Preschool 3-5

R-22-34 HR-70-110 Sys. BP-95-110

Adolescence 13-18

R-12-26 HR-60-90 Sys. BP-112-128

Best sign of MI

Crushing substernal chest pain

Levines sign

Puts their hands across their chest

Nitro and morphine when used to treat MI are used to

Decrease preload

Positive P wave (upright)

Lead II

Average volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in one respiratory cycle

500ml

Cardiogenic shock

Impaired pumping power of the heart, either too fast or too slow. Lack of contractility.

Hypovolemic shock

Decrease of blood/water volume.

Anaphylactic shock

Allergic reaction, quick onset. Stridor is ominous sign.

Septic shock

Infection that enters the blood stream and is carried throughout the body.

1st organ affected by lack of O2

Brain

Blood loss needs replaced by crystalloids at what rate

3:1

Lefort 1

Slight instability involving the maxilla

Lefort 2

Fractures of both the maxilla and nasal bones

LeFort 3

Fracture to entire face below eyebrows. Zygoma, nasal, maxilla.

Biggest concern for facial fractures

Protecting the airway.

Cullens sign

Umbilicus bruising, sign of internal bleeding of belly

Grey turner sign

Bruising of the flanks. 24-48 hours to appear and predicts a severe acute pancreatitis.

How much blood can be lost to a pelvic fracture

2000-4000 ML

Ipsilateral

same side

When to never perform heimlich maneuver

On a drowning victim

Best airway movement for C-Spine injury

Modified jaw thrust.

Eviscerated bowel treatment

Cover with moist dressing, then cover with occlusive dressing.

1st step with sucking chest wound

Cover with gloved hand

Suctioning newborn

Mouth first then nose. 10 Seconds or less

1st stage of labor

Begins with contractions-ends when cervix is fully dilated

2nd stage of labor

begins when cervix is fully dilated-ends with birth of baby

3rd stage of labor

begins right after birth of baby-ends with delivery of placenta.

Petechiae (symptom associated with meningitis)

red/purple rash-spots

#1 indicator of hypoxia in a child

bradycardia

Hematoma

Blood pooling under skin. (bruise)

Abrasion

Thin layer of skin removed. (scrape)

Laceration

Deep cut or tear

Avulsion

Deep break in skin tearing away

Needle decompression location

2nd intercostal space midcovicular | 4th/5th intercostal space ant axillary

Vessels that carry oxygenated blood

arteries

Vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood

veins