NRCE Roman Life / Customs Flashcards
full seven lap race around the circus
missus chariot
passage between the ātrium and the peristȳlum - avoids the tablīnum in order to give the master privacy
andron
refers to when a soldier was not wearing his sarcīna
expeditus
Adoption of a son
adoptiō
little bandits - chess
latrunculi
Adoption of a son
adoptiō
a battering ram
aries
secretary
amanuensis
a battleship propelled by oars and sails
navis longa
priest of Jupiter
flamen dialis
fought with 2 daggers
dimachareus
Relation through marriage
adfīnēs
son
filius
Political ladder of Rome quaestor, praetor, consul
cursus honōrum
2 elected annually and were half of total aediles. Were elected by higher class
aedīlis curūlis (Curule Aedile)
Elected the Plebeian Aediles and Tribune of the Plebs
concilium plēbis
unwelcome guests
umbrae
Days the Underworld was open and marriage was unlucky
August 24, October 5, November 8
green
prasina
pimp
leno
dining couches in triclinium
lecti tricliniares
Roman lamp that used oil
lucerna
kitchen
culina
rectangular banner or flag - standard for the auxiliaries
vexillum
betrothal: maiden family promised to male by pater familias or tutor
spōnsālia
breakfast
ientaculum
red
russata
gladiator trainer
lanista
ribbons
vittae/taeniae/fasciolae
decurions - commanded the decuriae
decuriones
modern-style book
codex
century - half a maniple - 60 men (100 originally)
centuria
black wool toga worn at funerals by mourners
toga pulla
grape juice
mustum
shoe maker
sutor
Supervised public land
Censors
Had to be gentēs of the cūria and present for dextrārum iūnctiō
10 witnesses of cōnfarreātiō
open courtyard between the street and the door to the house
vestibulum
the main column of legionary troops
agmen
floors of the poor
pavimentum
Relation through marriage
adfīnēs
seal used to enclose a letter
signum
a ditch or trench dug around the camp
fossa
ink
atramentum
death bed
lectus funebris
small bedroom or sleeping quarter
cubiculum nocturnum/dormitorium
olive oil used for cooking
second pressing of olives
beast hunts
venationes
gold
aurea
sister
soror
cupboard god
penates
the mound on either side of the road
agger
Samnites often pinned against Thracians
hoplomachi
hot room
calidarium
Controlled morals
Censors
body scraper room
destrictarium
3 AM to 6 AM
quarta vigilia
fought wild animals
bestiarius
leaping or “dancing” priests of Mars
salii
blue
veneta
strips of woolen cloth
fasciae
nurse
nutrix
purple
purpurea
prefects - commanded the auxiliaries of cavalry
praefecti
fought in a war chariot
essedarius
the high priest of Rome, the head of Roman state religion; he appointed and oversaw the vestal virgins.
pontifex maximus
dramatic performances in a theater
ludi scaenici
hot room
calidarium
a battering ram
aries
sweat room
laconicum/sudatorium
clock
horologium
porridge
puls
Term for female marriage: meaning to marry or literally to veil oneself
nūbere
first 8 days of life
prīmordia
legion - largest unit - 3600 men (6000 before the time of Caesar)
legio
fought with a lasso (laqueus)
laqeuator/laqueaerius
dove cote/pigeon house - a family tomb that had many inside. Urns were kept in niches on the walls of the columbārium.
columbarium
banquet/drinking party
convivium
small fish pond or pool
piscina
Acted as judicial officials
Praetors
pontiffs - had overall control of the state religion
pontifices
cavalry men
equites
prisons - starting gates - like stables where the chariot drivers waiting for the race to begin
carceres
way of wearing the toga over the head for religious reasons
cinctus Gabinus
way of wearing the toga over the head for religious reasons
cinctus Gabinus
dice-box from which the dice were thrown
fritillus
- augurs - elected for life only priests authorized to take the auspices (read and interpret signs from the gods to find out if a proposed course of action had divine approval. Signs from the gods mostly by observing the flight patterns of wild birds or the feeding habits of captive birds such as chickens. Auspices were taken before any major event, such as a voyage or battle
augures
Acted as judicial officials
Praetors
foot stool used to reach the bed
scamnum
main room or center of the house
atrium
dessert
secunda mensa
2 elected annually and were half of total aediles. Were elected by higher class
aedīlis curūlis (Curule Aedile)
plural haruspicēs - priest who interpreted entrails of sacrificed animals
haruspex
marble above the nich with the name of the dead
titulus
Chose Consuls, Censors, and Praetors
comitia centuriāta
son
filius
Decided on construction
Censors
February 13-21 and bad time for marriage
diēs parentālēs
right to kiss
iūs ōsculī
tax collector
publicanus
dove cote/pigeon house - a family tomb that had many inside. Urns were kept in niches on the walls of the columbārium.
columbarium
brother
frater
Had to be gentēs of the cūria and present for dextrārum iūnctiō
10 witnesses of cōnfarreātiō
drinks
potus
Had minimum ages of 36 and 42
Consuls
fuller, laundry man
fullo
Carried the fasces
Lictōrēs (lictors)
throwing javelin or pike
pilum
family god
lar
body scraper room
destrictarium
camp - built after a day’s march for retreat - rectangular in shape
castra
gladiator fights
munera gladiatoria
Political ladder of Rome quaestor, praetor, consul
cursus honōrum
eggs and dolphins marble in those shapes to count laps
ova et delphini
saffron bridal veil
flammeum
conical felt cap worn by laborers and freedmen
pilleus
Often avoided but sometimes weren’t
Major Holidays
military password used to get into the camp
tessera
mother
mater
Adoption of pater familias usually because extinction
adrogātiō
Had minimum age of 40
Praetors
had thick sleeves on the right arm (manicae), greaves on his left leg, and a visored helmet
samnite
seafood/fish
piscis
Had minimum age of 40
Praetors
double doors
fores
Presided over the senate
Consuls
empty tomb
cenotaphium
conical, pointy hat worn by the flāminēs
apex
honey wine
mulsum
a protective screen formed by the overlapping of shields held in a tortoise-like fashion
testudo
spirits of the dead
manes
colored or painted toga worn by triumphant generals
toga picta
passage or entrance to the ātrium
fauces
knobs on ends of umbilicus
cornua
People with the same nomen. Common male ancestor
gēns
maniple - a third of a cohort
manipulus
In charge of Vestal Virgins and college of Pontiffs
Pontifex Maximus
olive oil
oleum/olivum
rub down and oil room
unctorium
prefects - commanded the auxiliaries of cavalry
praefecti
undertaker
designator
rows of niches
gradus
naming ceremony 8 days after daughter’s birth 9 days after son’s
diēs lustricus
secretary
amanuensis
peach
malum Persicum
lunch
prandium
elaborate wedding with 10 witnesses
cōnfarreātiō
baggage that followed the legion, carried on pack animals or wagons - food, etra weapons, clothing, artillery, tools, etc.
impedimenta
barber
tonsor
had short shield (parma) & grieves on both legs
thrax
Minimum age of 36
Aediles
banquet for gladiators day before exhibition
cena libera
regular tied shoe mde of leather always worn with the toga
calceus
grape juice
mustum
ivory/metal instrument for writing on tablets
stilus/stylus
white
albata
supper
merenda/vesperna
first sword - highest ranked gladiator
palus primus
senatorial tunic
tunica lati clavi
In charge of adoption, succession, and testament
Pontifex Maximus
had thick sleeves on the right arm (manicae), greaves on his left leg, and a visored helmet
samnite
wholesale dealer/slave dealer
mango
transport ship
navis oneraria
floors of the poor
pavimentum
backbone - the center part of the circus
spinae
father
pater
seafood/fish
piscis
tool used to scrape the body
strigil
wholesale dealer/slave dealer
mango
water clock
clepsydra
bench for multiple people
subsellium
fought blindfolded
andabata
common bread made of coarse flour and/or bran
panis plebeius
knot on bride’s dress to be untied by husband
nōdus Herculāneus
reused parchment or paper
palimpsestum
bread baker
pistor
broadrimmed, sombrero-like hat of foreign origin
petasus
clock
horologium
table with three legs
mensa delphica
power of husband over wife
manus
circular loaves of bread
panes
daughter
filia
Oldest Assembly met as a formality
comitia cūriāta
toga with a purple border worn by boys and curule magistrates
toga praetexta
cart used for baggage, slaves, and also to carry spoils in triumph
petoritum
messenger
nuntius
gladiator trainer
lanista
great delicacy
dormouse
slave who rubbed oil, scraped it off, and handed the bather his towel
capsārius
- lowest throw - all the same number
Vulture
Often avoided but sometimes weren’t
Major Holidays
Kept rolls of senators
Censors
6 PM to 9 PM
prīma vigilia
Commanded the army
Consuls
olive oil used for cooking
second pressing of olives
blood relation
cognātiō
Tribune of the Plebs’ right to veto
intercessiō
Had supreme authority over government
Dictator
cupboard god
penates
rub down and oil room
unctorium
footpaths or sidewalks
semitae/margines
the stage for actors
scaena/scena
painter
pictor
ivory/metal instrument for writing on tablets
stilus/stylus
eggs and dolphins marble in those shapes to count laps
ova et delphini
bread baker
pistor
small fish pond or pool
piscina
pimp
leno
mock naval battles
naumachiae
room inclosed in a building for burying the dead
sepulc(h)rum
Administered public buildings
Aediles
fought with a net (rēte) and trident (fuscina)
retiarius
chariot racing companies
factiones
small table with one leg
monopodium
reed pen
calamus
Tribune of the Plebs’ right to veto
intercessiō
elaborate wedding with 10 witnesses
cōnfarreātiō
grandmother
avia
warm room
tepidarium
nurse
nutrix
peach
malum Persicum
priests appointed to serve particular deities
flamines
pillars or turning posts
metae
common bread made of coarse flour and/or bran
panis plebeius
couch or bed
lectus
luxurious traveling cart with a bed
carruca
chalked-white toga worn by candidates running for office
toga candida
fish sauce from sturgeon or mackerel
garum/liquamen
stool for one person
sella
honey water
mulsa
leather boots with heavy hobnailed soles, fastened on by straps
caligae
Old man who advised
Senātor
leather breastplate with metal bands
lorica
one lap around the circus
curriculum
ring
anulus
first sword - highest ranked gladiator
palus primus
boundary line for city of Roman within which no one could be buried
pomerium
the mound on either side of the road
agger
four-wheeled, two-horsed cart for vestals and priests
pilentum
household gods
lares and penates
clothes that are wrapped around
amictus
throwing javelin or pike
pilum
9 PM to 12 midnight
secunda vigilia
Were in charge of army’s and province’s finances
Quaestors
public games
ludi
knot on bride’s dress to be untied by husband
nōdus Herculāneus
Term for female marriage: meaning to marry or literally to veil oneself
nūbere
narrow passage for carrying the dead
porta Libitinensis
the pole about which a scroll is bound
umbilicus
pillars or turning posts
metae
lowest of the vultures
Dogs
bitter funeral funeral for the death of small children
funus acerbum
head of the family, oldest male
pater familias
innkeeper
caupo
urn/jar
olla
a tenth of an āla - 30 men
turma
starting gate
porta pompae
bride’s tunic
tunica recta
olive oil used as fuel for lamps
third pressing of olives
military tribune - six to a legion
tribuni militum
Old man who advised
Senātor
People with same cognomen
stirps
saffron bridal veil
flammeum
exercise courtyard (mainly for boxers and wrestlers)
palaestra
legion - largest unit - 3600 men (6000 before the time of Caesar)
legio
a squad of 300 equitēs
ala
mailman
tabellarius
Took censuses of property, kept a register of citizens, controlled morals, supervised public land, decided on construction
Censors
scribe
scriba
centurions and captains - noncommissioned plebeian officers who were experienced on the battlefield
centuriones
wedding ring worn on left hand ring finger because of veins
ānulus
first 8 days of life
prīmordia
grandfather
avus
cavalry men
equites
plebeian marriage without manus
ūsus
Festivals to celebrate Vesta and were unlucky for marriage
diēs religiōsī
clothes that are put on
indutus
knucklebones of a sheep or goat - five are thrown and caught on the back of the hand kind of like jacks - also used to refer to dice
tali
painter
pictor
subrectangular slightly tapered tiles for roofing
tegulae
wedding ring worn on left hand ring finger because of veins
ānulus
funeral songs or poems
neniae/naeniae
leather or metal helmet often ornamented with a crest
galea
front door
ostium
main course
fercula
In charge of the treasury
Quaestors
wine
vinum
quick, light, two-wheeled, two-horsed, uncovered cart
cisium
Unlucky days for marriage
Kalends, Nones, Ides and days after
breakfast
ientaculum
double doors
fores
2 were elected every year and had 12 lictors
Consuls
dress
stola
currant
malum Corinthum
personal knapsack of a soldier
sarcina
Senate house
Cūria
cupboards that could sometimes hold books
armaria
sandal or slipper worn only indoors except during meals
solea
In charge of public works and markets
Aediles
leaping or “dancing” priests of Mars
salii
ink
atramentum
Extended praetorship
Prōpraetor
leather boots with heavy hobnailed soles, fastened on by straps
caligae
water clock
clepsydra
Festivals to celebrate Vesta and were unlucky for marriage
diēs religiōsī
shop where the household sold goods - usually has doors to both the house and the street
taberna
spared gladiator
missus gladiator
thrown into crowd as good luck symbol in the dēductiō
unlit torch
green
prasina
curule seat with curved legs of ivory, could be folded up
sella curulis
bracelet
armilla
- lowest throw - all the same number
Vulture
blue
veneta
master’s study - separated from ātrium by curtains (vēla/aulaea) and the peristȳlum by folding doors (valvae)
tablinum
Had 2 then 6 elected annually and had 6 lictors
Praetors
transport ship
navis oneraria
Vestal Virgins - women who were in charge of the worship of Vesta at her temple. Vestal Virgins must be between the ages of six and ten years at choosing. If proven unchaste, a Vestal Virgin would be buried alive. Ten years to learn their duties, ten to perform them, ten to teach youths
Vestal Virgins
highest throw - all different numbers (6,4,3,1)
Venus
Oldest assembly
Comitia Cūriāta
dressing room
apodyterium
mailman
tabellarius
bedroom for midday siesta
cubiculum diurnum
door with one huge cylindrical hinge
ostium/ianua
private games
munera
broadrimmed, sombrero-like hat of foreign origin
petasus
red shoe worn by curule magistrates
mulleus
rows of niches
gradus
little bandits - chess
latrunculi
soldiers’ tents
tabernacula
ribbons
vittae/taeniae/fasciolae
Marriage vow meaning “when you are Gaius, I am Gaia”
ubi/quandō tū Gāius, ego Gāia
eagle - the standard of the legion made of silver or bronze mounted on a pole carried by the aquilifer.
aquila
honey water
mulsa
sundial brought from Greece in 268 BC
solarium
power of pater familias over entire family
patria potestās
tubes cut in half lengthways for covering flanges on the sides of the tegulae
imbrices
Unlucky time for marriage
All of May to first half of June
a machine for hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood
ballista
Elected 4 then 10 annually
Quaestors
plural haruspicēs - priest who interpreted entrails of sacrificed animals
haruspex
luxurious traveling cart with a bed
carruca
heavy, two edged sword
gladius
watchmen, firemen, policemen
vigiles
circular loaves of bread
panes
chariot races
ludi circenses
sister
soror
artillery
tormenta
daughter
filia
front line of the stage
proscaenium/proscenium
fiancee: betrothed woman
spōnsa
Marriage vow meaning “when you are Gaius, I am Gaia”
ubi/quandō tū Gāius, ego Gāia
bright dinner garment worn to banquets
synthesis
large open courtyard surrounded by columns
peristylium
knobs on ends of umbilicus
cornua
In charge of festivals and games
Aediles
fought in a war chariot
essedarius
narrow passage for carrying the dead
porta Libitinensis
military password used to get into the camp
tessera
Could veto any legislation
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
a battleship propelled by oars and sails
navis longa
refers to when a soldier was wearing his sarcīna
impeditus
Relation through males
agnātiō
Elected by the Senate for 1-6 months usually
Dictator
starting gate
porta pompae
chariot driver (usually a freedman or slave)
auriga
a squad of 300 equitēs
ala
centurions and captains - noncommissioned plebeian officers who were experienced on the battlefield
centuriones
legates / staff officers - next in rank to dux
legati
red
russata
butcher
carnifex
spared gladiator
missus gladiator
bathrobe, robe worn after exercise
endromis
In charge of public works and markets
Aediles
Term for male marriage: meaning to marry or literally to lead into matrimony
in mātrimōnium dūcere
door with one huge cylindrical hinge
ostium/ianua
columns of niches
ordines
ending gate
porta triumphalis
a woolen cloak for severe weather which can also be used as a blanket
sagum
garden tomb
cepotaphium
fiance: betrothed man
spōnsus
foot stool used to reach the bed
scamnum
Elected the Plebeian Aediles and Tribune of the Plebs
concilium plēbis
honey wine
mulsum
Controlled state religion
Pontifex Maximus
Commanded the army
Consuls
shoe maker
sutor
Regulated calendar
Pontifex Maximus
a tenth of an āla - 30 men
turma
chalked-white toga worn by candidates running for office
toga candida
Awarded contracts
Censors
supper
merenda/vesperna
strongbox or chest kept in the tablīnum
arca
Carried the fasces
Lictōrēs (lictors)
appetizer
gustatio
large swimming pool open to the sky and surrounded by porticos
natatio
leather breastplate with metal bands
lorica
dining room with three couches - customary to have several for the change of seasons
triclinium
boot worn by soldiers
caliga
military tribune - six to a legion
tribuni militum
light catapult for hurling stones and darts
scorpio
innkeeper
caupo
lunch
prandium
couch or bed
lectus
underwear
subligaculum
Minimum age was 27 then 30
Quaestors
Chose Consuls, Censors, and Praetors
comitia centuriāta
Extended praetorship
Prōpraetor
open courtyard between the street and the door to the house
vestibulum
soldiers’ tents
tabernacula
olive oil
oleum/olivum
grandfather
avus
sandal or slipper worn only indoors except during meals
solea
priest of Jupiter
flamen dialis
fruits
mala
had a helmet with a fish crest
murmillo
knight’s tunic
tunica angusti clavi
pontiffs - had overall control of the state religion
pontifices
Samnites often pinned against Thracians
hoplomachi
passage between the ātrium and the peristȳlum - avoids the tablīnum in order to give the master privacy
andron
knucklebones of a sheep or goat - five are thrown and caught on the back of the hand kind of like jacks - also used to refer to dice
tali
knight’s tunic
tunica angusti clavi
dinner
cena
taking of bride to house of the husband; husband carried bride over the threshold to prevent tripping
dēductiō
main room or center of the house
atrium
cart used for baggage, slaves, and also to carry spoils in triumph
petoritum
refers to when a soldier was not wearing his sarcīna
expeditus
banquet for gladiators day before exhibition
cena libera
Vestal Virgins - women who were in charge of the worship of Vesta at her temple. Vestal Virgins must be between the ages of six and ten years at choosing. If proven unchaste, a Vestal Virgin would be buried alive. Ten years to learn their duties, ten to perform them, ten to teach youths
Vestal Virgins
baggage that followed the legion, carried on pack animals or wagons - food, etra weapons, clothing, artillery, tools, etc.
impedimenta
2 elected annually and were half of total aediles. Were elected by Plebeians
aedīlis plēbis (plebeian aedile)
dice-box from which the dice were thrown
fritillus
a third of a turma - 10 men
decuria
apricot
malum Armeniacum
small strip of paper with the name of the work attached to the knob
titulus
Maintained public records
Quaestors
fruits
mala
Regulated calendar
Pontifex Maximus
Controlled morals
Censors
shawl
palla
large and heavy, four-wheeled cart with either two or four horses
raeda
Implemented legislation
Consuls
lifting of a child/acknowledging the child
susceptiō
fiance: betrothed man
spōnsus
heavy woolen cloak
abolla
formal oration given by the oldest son of the deceased
conclamatio
checkers
calculi
eagle - the standard of the legion made of silver or bronze mounted on a pole carried by the aquilifer.
aquila
Supervised public land
Censors
priests present in dealings with foreign nations and were particularly concerned with the rituals involved in declaring war and making treaties
fetiales
Elected Curule Aediles, Quaestors, and the Pontifex Maximus
comitia tribūta
Roman lamp that used oil
lucerna
gold
aurea
places for burning bodies and where ashes were collected and dried
ustrina
February 13-21 and bad time for marriage
diēs parentālēs
Took censuses of property, kept a register of citizens, controlled morals, supervised public land, decided on construction
Censors
Man whose ancestors did not hold office/consulship
novus homō
wings (had no door between it and the ātrium) on either side of the ātrium that might contain the imaginēs, or wax busts of the family’s ancestors
alae
front line of the stage
proscaenium/proscenium
colored or painted toga worn by triumphant generals
toga picta
fiancee: betrothed woman
spōnsa
People with the same nomen. Common male ancestor
gēns
four sided dice that lacked the numbers 2 and 5
tesserae (aleae)
brooch or pin used by women to keep a tunic in place
fibula
the main column of legionary troops
agmen
In charge of festivals and games
Aediles
mill
mola
room inclosed in a building for burying the dead
sepulc(h)rum
father
pater
strongbox or chest kept in the tablīnum
arca
red shoe worn by curule magistrates
mulleus
rookie gladiator
tiro
passage or entrance to the ātrium
fauces
chair with a curved back and no arms
cathedra
Term for male marriage: meaning to marry or literally to lead into matrimony
in mātrimōnium dūcere
brother
frater
cupboards that could sometimes hold books
armaria
large swimming pool open to the sky and surrounded by porticos
natatio
betrothal: maiden family promised to male by pater familias or tutor
spōnsālia
bridal tunic
tunica rēcta
Oldest assembly
Comitia Cūriāta
table
mensa
fisher
piscator
a ditch or trench dug around the camp
fossa
guardian of the same gēns of underage son or unmarried daughter in pater familiās
tūtor
mock naval battles
naumachiae
curule seat with curved legs of ivory, could be folded up
sella curulis
the vanguard consisting of scouts, cavalry squads and light armed infantrymen
primum agmen
the pole about which a scroll is bound
umbilicus
senatorial tunic
tunica lati clavi
porridge
puls
largest type of baths that had the features of the Greek gymnasia
thermae
master’s study - separated from ātrium by curtains (vēla/aulaea) and the peristȳlum by folding doors (valvae)
tablinum
family god
lar
Kept a register of citizens
Censors
Senate house
Cūria
olive oil used for cosmetics
first pressing of olives
olive oil used as fuel for lamps
third pressing of olives
personal knapsack of a soldier
sarcina
Were in charge of army’s and province’s finances
Quaestors
table with three legs
mensa delphica
ending gate
porta triumphalis
barber
tonsor
man’s toga assumed on the Liberālia when a boy turned 16
toga virilis
undertaker
designator
a protective screen formed by the overlapping of shields held in a tortoise-like fashion
testudo
refers to when a soldier was wearing his sarcīna
impeditus
fuller, laundry man
fullo
priests appointed to serve particular deities
flamines
pomegranate
malum Punicum
taking of bride to house of the husband; husband carried bride over the threshold to prevent tripping
dēductiō
public bath
balneum
large basin for collecting rain water that fell from the compluvium
impluvium
awnings that protected from rain or sun
vela
brooch or pin used by women to keep a tunic in place
fibula
funeral oration given in the forum by a public authority
laudatio
large and heavy, four-wheeled cart with either two or four horses
raeda
modern-style book
codex
Elected Curule Aediles, Quaestors, and the Pontifex Maximus
comitia tribūta
Had minimum ages of 36 and 42
Consuls
wooden training sword given to gladiator
rudis
power of pater familias over entire family
patria potestās
dress
stola
bathrobe, robe worn after exercise
endromis
large basin for collecting rain water that fell from the compluvium
impluvium
front door
ostium
matron who brought bride and husband together
prōnuba
wooden box that held scrolls
capsa/scrinium
Had 24 lictors
Dictator
funeral pyre
rogus
leather or metal helmet often ornamented with a crest
galea
table
mensa
water
aqua
a sarcophagus on a podium for dead bodies
sarcophagus
Maintained public records
Quaestors
Had 2 then 6 elected annually and had 6 lictors
Praetors
auxiliary troops
auxilia
legates / staff officers - next in rank to dux
legati
infantry
pedites
Controlled state religion
Pontifex Maximus
places for burning bodies and where ashes were collected and dried
ustrina
wax used to seal a letter
cera
beast hunts
venationes
gladiator fights
munera gladiatoria
reused parchment or paper
palimpsestum
hurled large arrows and javelins
catapulta
Had 24 lictors
Dictator
Person who completed Cursus Honorum in first year of eligibility
suō annō
Oldest Assembly met as a formality
comitia cūriāta
the high priest of Rome, the head of Roman state religion; he appointed and oversaw the vestal virgins.
pontifex maximus
Implemented legislation
Consuls
fish sauce from sturgeon or mackerel
garum/liquamen
decurions - commanded the decuriae
decuriones
grandmother
avia
columns of niches
ordines
catch, played with three people and two balls
trigon
small table with one leg
monopodium
chariot races
ludi circenses
metal heater used to heat water in the baths
testudo
a sarcophagus on a podium for dead bodies
sarcophagus
infantry
pedites
best bread made of pure wheat flour
panis siligneus
Could veto any legislation
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
fought with 2 daggers
dimachareus
tax collector
publicanus
conical felt cap worn by laborers and freedmen
pilleus
rectangular banner or flag - standard for the auxiliaries
vexillum
bathroom - always next to culina
latrina
toga with a purple border worn by boys and curule magistrates
toga praetexta
four-wheeled, two-horsed cart for vestals and priests
pilentum
household gods
lares and penates
small strip of paper with the name of the work attached to the knob
titulus
wedding feast
cēna nūptiālis
funeral pyre
rogus
power of husband over wife
manus
bracelet
armilla
Person who completed Cursus Honorum in first year of eligibility
suō annō
maniple - a third of a cohort
manipulus
pomegranate
malum Punicum
underwear
subligaculum
banquet/drinking party
convivium
private games
munera
Awarded contracts
Censors
lowest of the vultures
Dogs
pronuba brought their right hands together
dextrārum iūnctiō
checkers
calculi
sweat room
laconicum/sudatorium
dining couches in triclinium
lecti tricliniares
empty tomb
cenotaphium
public games
ludi
girdle worn around the waist
zona/cingulum
Man whose ancestors did not hold office/consulship
novus homō
back or side door
posticum
large open courtyard surrounded by columns
peristylium
quick, light, two-wheeled, two-horsed, uncovered cart
cisium
death bed
lectus funebris
Bundle of rods surrounding an axe being a symbol of power
fascēs
standard of a cohort or maniple carried by the signifer.
signum
bedroom for midday siesta
cubiculum diurnum
naming ceremony 8 days after daughter’s birth 9 days after son’s
diēs lustricus
heavy woolen cloak
abolla
wings (had no door between it and the ātrium) on either side of the ātrium that might contain the imaginēs, or wax busts of the family’s ancestors
alae
a tenth of a legion
cohors
spirits of the dead
manes
conical, pointy hat worn by the flāminēs
apex
Presided over concilium plēbis
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
messenger
nuntius
girdle worn around the waist
zona/cingulum
mill
mola
regular tied shoe mde of leather always worn with the toga
calceus
the four “watches” into which the night was divided
vigilae
wax used to seal a letter
cera
banker
argentarius
twelve tables - backgammon
duodecem scripta
power of pater familias over slaves and objects
dominica potestās
a curved, rectangular shield
scutum
In charge of adoption, succession, and testament
Pontifex Maximus
residence of the pontifex maximus
regia
boundary line for city of Roman within which no one could be buried
pomerium
sundial brought from Greece in 268 BC
solarium
Administered public buildings
Aediles
Had supreme authority over government
Dictator
fold in a toga used as a pocket
sinus
fought with a net (rēte) and trident (fuscina)
retiarius
chair with a curved back and no arms
cathedra
hot water tank
alveus
bathroom - always next to culina
latrina
1 elected every 18 months or 5 years
Censors
Days the Underworld was open and marriage was unlucky
August 24, October 5, November 8
dramatic performances in a theater
ludi scaenici
a third of a turma - 10 men
decuria
black wool toga worn at funerals by mourners
toga pulla
kitchen
culina
tool used to scrape the body
strigil
commanding officer or general - after his first important victory he became imperātor (the commander-in-chief)
dux
the vanguard consisting of scouts, cavalry squads and light armed infantrymen
primum agmen
shop where the household sold goods - usually has doors to both the house and the street
taberna
dining room with three couches - customary to have several for the change of seasons
triclinium
hurled large arrows and javelins
catapulta
priests present in dealings with foreign nations and were particularly concerned with the rituals involved in declaring war and making treaties
fetiales
scribe
scriba
prisons - starting gates - like stables where the chariot drivers waiting for the race to begin
carceres
boot worn by soldiers
caliga
chariot racing companies
factiones
backbone - the center part of the circus
spinae
Served under governors and generals
Quaestors
reed pen
calamus
bright dinner garment worn to banquets
synthesis
strips of woolen cloth
fasciae
wooden training sword given to gladiator
rudis
metal heater used to heat water in the baths
testudo
commanding officer or general - after his first important victory he became imperātor (the commander-in-chief)
dux
four sided dice that lacked the numbers 2 and 5
tesserae (aleae)
Formed after secession of the Plebeians
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
shawl
palla
Elected 4 then 10 annually
Quaestors
a tenth of a legion
cohors
9 PM to 12 midnight
secunda vigilia
People with same cognomen
stirps
a woolen cloak for severe weather which can also be used as a blanket
sagum
catch, played with three people and two balls
trigon
Kept rolls of senators
Censors
a machine for hurling heavy stones and blocks of wood
ballista
bench for multiple people
subsellium
12 midnight to 3 AM
tertia vigilia
rookie gladiator
tiro
funeral songs or poems
neniae/naeniae
back or side door
posticum
century - half a maniple - 60 men (100 originally)
centuria
bridal tunic
tunica rēcta
head of the family, oldest male
pater familias
wedding feast
cēna nūptiālis
dinner
cena
- augurs - elected for life only priests authorized to take the auspices (read and interpret signs from the gods to find out if a proposed course of action had divine approval. Signs from the gods mostly by observing the flight patterns of wild birds or the feeding habits of captive birds such as chickens. Auspices were taken before any major event, such as a voyage or battle
augures
full seven lap race around the circus
missus chariot
thread for sealing a letter
linum
one lap around the circus
curriculum
urn/jar
olla
largest type of baths that had the features of the Greek gymnasia
thermae
two-wheeled, two-horsed cart for vestals and priests
carpentum
In charge of Vestal Virgins and college of Pontiffs
Pontifex Maximus
fought wild animals
bestiarius
pronuba brought their right hands together
dextrārum iūnctiō
best bread made of pure wheat flour
panis siligneus
great delicacy
dormouse
plough twice
aratrum
currant
malum Corinthum
matron who brought bride and husband together
prōnuba
dressing room
apodyterium
cold room
frigidarium
bride’s tunic
tunica recta
unwelcome guests
umbrae
chariot driver (usually a freedman or slave)
auriga
mock sale marriage involving dowry
coēmptiō
Adoption of pater familias usually because extinction
adrogātiō
ring
anulus
Formed after secession of the Plebeians
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
formal oration given by the oldest son of the deceased
conclamatio
fold in a toga used as a pocket
sinus
light catapult for hurling stones and darts
scorpio
watchmen, firemen, policemen
vigiles
In charge of the treasury
Quaestors
lifting of a child/acknowledging the child
susceptiō
fisher
piscator
6 PM to 9 PM
prīma vigilia
artillery
tormenta
awnings that protected from rain or sun
vela
footpaths or sidewalks
semitae/margines
heavy, two edged sword
gladius
twelve tables - backgammon
duodecem scripta
the stage for actors
scaena/scena
public bath
balneum
exercise courtyard (mainly for boxers and wrestlers)
palaestra
Kept a register of citizens
Censors
butcher
carnifex
2 were elected every year and had 12 lictors
Consuls
tubes cut in half lengthways for covering flanges on the sides of the tegulae
imbrices
funeral oration given in the forum by a public authority
laudatio
plebeian marriage without manus
ūsus
drinks
potus
dessert
secunda mensa
stool for one person
sella
Governor of a province
Prōcōnsul
choicest of all meals
Pork
thread for sealing a letter
linum
the four “watches” into which the night was divided
vigilae
standard of a cohort or maniple carried by the signifer.
signum
Served under governors and generals
Quaestors
hot water tank
alveus
small bedroom or sleeping quarter
cubiculum nocturnum/dormitorium
Presided over concilium plēbis
tribūnus plēbis (Tribune of the Plebs)
main course
fercula
Relation through males
agnātiō
Unlucky time for marriage
All of May to first half of June
a curved, rectangular shield
scutum
blood relation
cognātiō
white
albata
fought blindfolded
andabata
Minimum age of 36
Aediles
Unlucky days for marriage
Kalends, Nones, Ides and days after
marble above the nich with the name of the dead
titulus
2 elected annually and were half of total aediles. Were elected by Plebeians
aedīlis plēbis (plebeian aedile)
clothes that are put on
indutus
olive oil used for cosmetics
first pressing of olives
power of pater familias over slaves and objects
dominica potestās
bitter funeral funeral for the death of small children
funus acerbum
subrectangular slightly tapered tiles for roofing
tegulae
water
aqua
fought with a lasso (laqueus)
laqeuator/laqueaerius
auxiliary troops
auxilia
mock sale marriage involving dowry
coēmptiō
appetizer
gustatio
banker
argentarius
garden tomb
cepotaphium
Presided over the senate
Consuls
Bundle of rods surrounding an axe being a symbol of power
fascēs
warm room
tepidarium
1 elected every 18 months or 5 years
Censors
right to kiss
iūs ōsculī
cold room
frigidarium
Elected by the Senate for 1-6 months usually
Dictator
two-wheeled, two-horsed cart for vestals and priests
carpentum
purple
purpurea
thrown into crowd as good luck symbol in the dēductiō
unlit torch
guardian of the same gēns of underage son or unmarried daughter in pater familiās
tūtor
clothes that are wrapped around
amictus
Governor of a province
Prōcōnsul
slave who rubbed oil, scraped it off, and handed the bather his towel
capsārius
3 AM to 6 AM
quarta vigilia
seal used to enclose a letter
signum
plough twice
aratrum
mother
mater
had short shield (parma) & grieves on both legs
thrax
wooden box that held scrolls
capsa/scrinium
apricot
malum Armeniacum
had a helmet with a fish crest
murmillo
wine
vinum
12 midnight to 3 AM
tertia vigilia
residence of the pontifex maximus
regia
man’s toga assumed on the Liberālia when a boy turned 16
toga virilis
highest throw - all different numbers (6,4,3,1)
Venus
Decided on construction
Censors
choicest of all meals
Pork
camp - built after a day’s march for retreat - rectangular in shape
castra
Minimum age was 27 then 30
Quaestors
