NRCE Roman History Flashcards
What city did Honorius establish as his capital in the West?
Ravenna
What did Brennus say when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale for his ransom money?
Vae Victis (“Woe to the Conquered”)
Whose Numidian cavalry assisted Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
Who was the victorious Roman general at the Pydna in 168 BC?
Aemilius Paullus
What monument commemorates Trajan’s conquest of Dacia?
Trajan’s Column
Which emperor was called “manus ad ferrum” for his strict discipline?
Aurelian
What is an aedile?
official in charge of public entertainment
Who was the wife of Domitian?
Domitia
Who stopped the Catilinarian conspiracy during his consulship in 63 BC?
Cicero
Where was the Tarpeian rock located?
Capitoline Hill
Who crucified 6000 slaves along the Via Appia after the rebellion of Spartacus?
Pompey
At what battle in 260 BC did the Rome win its first major naval battle against the Carthaginians?
Mylae
Who said “don’t disturb my circles” referring to his drawings in the sand when Roman soldiers came to kill him?
Archimedes
What two brothers defeated Antiochus III at Magnesia in 190 BC?
Publius & Lucius Scipio
Which diety’s cult did Servius Tullius establish on the Aventine hill?
Diana
What were the years of the Second Macedonian War?
200-196 BC
What title did Aurelian earn for defeating Tetricus?
Restitutor Orbis
What grandson of Julia Maesa from 218-222 AD?
Elagabalus
In what year was Carthage completely destroyed?
146 BC
Which king was deified as the god Quirinus after his death?
Romulus
What religious group did Nero persecute?
Christians
What treaty from 226 BC did the Carthaginians break by attacking Saguntum?
Ebro River Treaty
Who committed a devotio at Sentinum which spurred the Romans on to victory?
Decius Mus
At what battle in 48 BC did Caesar defeat Pompey and put him to flight?
Pharsalus
What statesman was referred to as “the consience of Rome”?
Cato the Younger
What colony did Gaius Gracchus propose establishing on the site of Carthage?
Iunonia
What tribe did Coriolanus lead against the Romans?
Volsci
At what battle in 315 BC was Fabius Rullianus defeated by the Samnites?
Lautulae
What horse did Caligula name a senator?
Incitatus
What statesman routinely opposed Julius Caesar and fought for the death penalty for Catiline and his co-conspirators?
Cato the Younger
How many Sibylline books were there originally?
9
What Roman commander was defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae in 315 BC?
Fabius Rullianus
What king of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V in 200 BC?
Attalus I
Who was defeated at the Pharsalus by Caesar in 48 BC?
Pompey
What Roman dictator was known as “the delayer”?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
Who alerted Marcus Manlius that the Gauls were climbing the Capitoline Hill?
sacred Geese of Juno
What unique power did tribunes have?
power to veto legislation
Which emperor reigned from 253-268 AD?
Gallienus
How many times did Marius serve as consul?
7
Who did Sulla defeat in a struggle for supremacy in Rome?
Marius
What emperor attended lectures on Plotinus with his wife Salonina?
Gallienus
What were the years of Maximinus Thrax’s reign?
235-238 AD
Who committed suicide rather than being pardoned by Caesar after he was defeated at Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
In what year did Hannibal defeat 80,000 Romans at Cannae?
216 BC
What dynasty ruled from 69-96 AD?
Flavian
In what year did Caesar defeat Pharnaces II at Zela?
47 BC
Which emperor succeded Julian the Apostate?
Jovian
What war did the Romans fight from 218-202 BC?
Second Punic War
Who was the only emperor to make it past 69 AD?
Vespasian
Where did Theodosius massacre a crowd to avenge the murder of his general?
Thessalonica
What group was legally recognized by the Lex Titia of 43 BC?
Second Triumvirate
Which emperor moved the Western capital to Ravenna?
Honorius
When did the officially empire begin?
27 BC
Where did Jugurtha fight alongside the Romans led by Scipio Aemilianus?
Numantia
What ruler of Pontus fought three wars intending to overthrow Roman influence in the Eastern Mediterranean?
Mithridates VI
At what event in 196 BC did Flamininus declare the freedom and independence of all the Greek states?
Isthmian Games
What were the years of Macrinus’ reign?
217-218 AD
What happened to Tarpeia’s body after she was killed by the Sabines?
thrown from the “Tarpeian” rock
Who was a famous censor in 312 BC?
Appius Claudius Caecus
What honor was bestowed on Caesar when he returned to Rome from Spain?
dictator for life
What were the years of Domitian’s reign?
81-96 AD
Who was given the Senatus Consultum Ultimum to kill Gaius Gracchus?
Lucius Opimius
In what year did Marius defeat the Cimbri at Vercellae?
101 BC
Which emperor was defeated at the Second Battle of Bedriacum in 69 AD
Vitellius
At what battle in 378 AD was the emperor Valens captured by Fritigern and the Goths?
Adrianople
What Roman general defeat Pyrrhus at Beneventum in 275 BC?
Curius Dentatus
What was Cicero’s full name?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
In what year was Crassus killed at Carrhae while fighting the Parthians?
53 BC
What does “Cynoscephalae” mean?
Dog’s Heads
What province is Trajan best known for conquering?
Dacia
Which unpopular emperor said “oderint dum probent”?
Tiberius
What were the Decemviri appointed to do?
create a code of laws
Which emperor built a wall just north of Hadrian’s in Britain?
Antoninus Pius
What was the capital of the Eastern empire?
Constantinople
What does “alea iacta est” mean?
the die is cast
Whom did Caesar defeat at Pharsalus in 48 BC?
Pompey
How long did it take for Cincinnatus to defeat the Aequi?
16 days
What is the full name of Flamininus?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
What is a quaestor?
a treasurer
In what year did Julius Caesar die?
44 BC
Who built a road from Rome to Capua which helped the Romans win the 2nd Samnite War?
Appius Claudius Caecus
What was the year 69 AD known as?
Year of the Four Emperors
Which emperor moved the official capital of the empire to Byzantium?
Constantine
The 2nd Samnite War was fought over a dispute at what city?
Neapolis (Naples)
How many censors served at once?
2
What were the years of Valens’ reign?
364-378 AD
What three word phrase does the poet Ovid cite as the reason for his exile?
carmen et error
Who did Didius Julianus outbid for the imperial throne?
Sulpicianus
What were the beginning and ending years of the Monarchy?
753-509 BC
What settlement did Ancus Marcius establish where the Tiber meets the Mediterranean?
Ostia
For which emperor did Stilicho serve as a regent?
Honorius
What name did Julian receive for trying to restore Pagan worship throughout the empire?
the Apostate
Who replaced Sejanus as Praetorian Prefect?
Macro
In what year did Flamininus declare freedom and independence for all the Greek states at the Isthmian Games?
196 BC
What did Tarpeia hope she would receive when she asked the Sabine soldiers for the gold they bore on their arms?
gold bracelets
What British queen led a large rebellion against Nero?
Boudicca
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus
Which political party was Caesar a member of?
Populares
Who bequeathed his kingdom of Pergamum to the Romans in 133 BC?
Attalus III
What type of tree did Lucullus bring from the East to Italy?
cherry tree
Who defeated Vercingetorix and the Gauls at Alesia in 52 BC?
Julius Caesar
At what battle in 190 BC did the Romans defeat Antiochus III and earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign fleet?
Myonessus
Who pretended to be a slow-witted man, but lept into action to help Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?
(Lucius) Junius Brutus
Whp was the husband of Lucretia?
Collatinus
At what battle in 275 BC did the Romans defeat Pyrrhus?
Maleventum / Beneventum
What of 43 BC legallized the Second Triumvirate for 5 years?
Lex Titia
In what year did Pompey serve as Rome’s only consul?
52 BC
What were the years of Arcadius’ reign in the East?
395-408 AD
What war did the Romans fight from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
In what two ways did Romulus expand Rome’s population?
(1) offering asylum to outlaws on the Capitoline & (2) rape of the Sabine women
What river in northern Italy were generals not allowed to lead their army across without the permission of the Senate?
Rubicon
What river did Caesar lead his army across in 49 BC?
Rubicon
What Roman admiral defeated Carthage at the Aegates Islands and ended the First Punic War?
Lutatius Catulus
Who was the wife of Hadrian?
Sabina
What is the alternate name of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus?
Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
Which dynasty reigned from 193-235 AD?
Severans
Where was Trajan born?
Spain
Which emperor was murdered along with his mother Julia Mamaea by the Praetorian Guard?
Severus Alexander
What were the years of Philip the Arab’s reign?
244-249 AD
From 82-73 BC who led a resistance against the Sullan government in Spain?
Sertorius
What poisonous food was said to have killed Claudius?
mushrooms
What Roman dictator was known as “the shield of Rome”?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
What temple did Postumius build after the Lake Regillus?
Temple of Castor & Pollux
At what battle of 43 BC did the consuls Hirtius and Pansa attempt to rescue Decimus Brutus who was under siege from Marc Antony?
Mutina
What war was a minor conflict in the vicinity of Capua from 343-341 BC?
First Samnite War
Which emperor reign from 54-68 AD?
Nero
What is the term for the standard order of the offices?
Cursus Honorum
What did Constantine rename Byzantium?
Constantinople
What Gallic chieftain sacked Rome in 390 BC?
Brennus
What Roman, noted for his austerity and refusal to accept bribes, was the most famous to oppose Pyrrhus?
Fabricius
At what battle in 241 BC did the Romans defeat the Carthaginians and end the First Punic War?
Aegates Islands
What sign of complete surrender did the Samnites force upon the Romans after the Caudine Forks?
walk under the yoke
Where did Caesar go for his proconsulship?
Cisalpine Gaul
What admiral of Nero’s fleet beat Agrippina the Younger to death?
Anicetus
Who famously said “Caesar’s wife must be above suspicion”?
Caesar
What was the chief port city of Rome?
Ostia
What festival was Clodius Pulcher caught sneaking into at Caesar’s house in 62 BC?
Bona Dea
At what battle of 40 BC did Octavian capture Fulvia and Lucius Antony?
Perusia
Which political party was Sulla a member of?
Optimates
Which emperor was the father of Gallienus?
Valerian
What ambassador of Pyrrhus called the Roman senate an “assembly of kings”?
Cineas
Name all 5 Severan emperors.
Septimius Severus, Geta, Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus, Severus Alexander
Which emperor named his horse Incitatus a senator?
Caligula
In what year did Augustus receive imperium from the Senate?
27 BC
What is the alternate name for the Flavian Amphitheater?
Colosseum
What were the years of Gordian III’s reign?
238-244 AD
Who did Romulus defeat to win the first Spolia Opima?
Acron
What were the years of Commodus’ reign?
180-192 AD
What were the years of Titus’ reign?
79-81 AD
What Roman general was defeated by Hannibal at Lake Trasimene in 217 BC?
Flaminius
Which Tetrarch was the father of Constantine?
Constantius Chlorus
What were the years of Aurelian’s reign?
270-275 AD
In what year did Julius Caesar serve as aedile?
68 BC
What Sicilian city did Marcellus capture in 211 BC?
Syracuse
Who saved his father in battle at the Ticinus River in 218 BC?
Scipio Africanus
Which emperor was strangled in his bath?
Commodus
What did Cincinnatus do after defeating the Aequi?
returned to his plow
What was the ancient name of Portugal?
Lusitania
In what year did Marius defeat the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae?
102 BC
How many emperors were there in 69 AD?
4
Which emperor from Thrace reigned from 235-238 AD?
Maximinus Thrax
Which emperor reigned from 96-98 AD?
Nerva
What cities were buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
Pompeii & Herculaneum
What war began when Andriscus pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and unite the independent republics?
Fourth Macedonian War
Which emperor said on his deathbed “vae, puto, deus fio”?
Vespasian
What did the Sibyl do each time Tarquinius Superbus refused to pay the price for the Sibylline books?
burned 3 of them
Who became the first two consuls?
(Lucius) Junius Brutus & Collatinus
What does “Scaevola” mean?
Left-Handed / Lefty
Whose speeches against Philip II of Macedon were Cicero’s Philippics modeled on?
Demosthenes
Who was the victorious Roman general at the Cynoscephalae?
Flamininus
When did the Eastern Roman empire fall?
1453
In what year did Constantine eliminate his rival Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge?
312 AD
Who were the two sons of Vespasian?
Titus & Domitian
Which emperor was responsible for the recovery of the legionary standards lost by Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC?
Augustus
In what year were there six emperors?
238 AD
Which political party appealed to popular interests in Rome?
Populares
At what battle in 321 BC did the Samnite force a Roman army to walk under the yoke?
Caudine Forks
What edict of 313 AD officially recognized Christianity as the offical state religion?
Edict of Milan
With what city did Tiberius Gracchus negotiate for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?
Numantia
Against whom did Rome fight the Social War?
her Latin allies
In 68 AD who led a rebellion against Nero?
Vindex
What group included Lepidus, Octavian, and Marc Antony?
Second Triumvirate
What Roman was captured after the Bagradas Valley?
Regulus
Who earned the cognomen “Uticensis” for his fair administration in Utica during the Civil Wars?
Cato the Younger
In what year were three Roman legions completely destroyed in the Teutoberg Forest by Arminius and the Germans?
9 AD
What significant event happened during Philip the Arab’s reign?
Rome’s 1000th anniversary
Which emperor married Faustina the Younger?
Marcus Aurelius
What war did the Romans fight from 215-205 BC?
First Macedonian War
Which king built the Pons Sublicius, the first bridge across the Tiber?
Ancus Marcius
What did Cornelia call her sons Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus?
her jewels
What Persian king captured Valerian at Edessa in 260 AD?
Shapur
What famous phrase did Caesar reportedly say after the battle of Zela?
veni, vidi, vici
Who won the Spolia Opima by defeating Viridomarus in single combat at Clastidium in 222 BC?
Marcellus
What regent did Honorius eventually execute because of suspicion?
Stilicho
Which emperor was murdered by his butler Stephanus?
Domitian
What is another name for the battle of Cremona?
Bedriacum
At what battle in 222 BC did Marcellus defeat the Gallic chieftain Viridomarus to win the Spolia Opima?
Clastidium
Which emperor reigned from 14-37 AD?
Tiberius
What were the years of Augustus’ reign?
27 BC - 14 AD
In what year was Appius Claudius Caecus censor?
312 BC
What is a “corvus”?
grappling hook attached to a plank
What Roman general defeated and killed Hasdrubal at the Metaurus River in 207 BC?
Claudius Nero
How did Mucius Scaevola earn his cognomen?
held his left hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the Romans would not surrender
What Bishop of Milan did Theodosius confide in?
Ambrose
Who did Marcellus defeat in single combat to win the Spolia Opima in 222 BC?
Viridomarus
In what year did Rome annex Macedonia as a Roman province?
148 BC
Who was the first wife of Augustus?
Scribonia
What two sons of Theodosius ruled in the West and East respectively?
Honorius (West) & Arcadius (East)
What happened on the Via Scelerata?
Tullia ran over Servius Tullius’ body with a chariot
In what two years did Pompey and Crassus share the consulship?
70 BC & 55 BC
What did the Romans call the commoners?
plebeians
The assassination of what tribune in 91 BC sparked the Social War?
Livius Drusus the Younger
What is a devotio?
self-sacrifice
What were the years of Elagabalus’ reign?
218-222 AD
When was a dictator appointed?
when one or both consuls were killed
What monument in Rome commemorates Titus’ suppression of the Jewish rebellion?
Arch of Titus
Which emperor reigned from 268-270 AD?
Claudius Gothicus
By what two-word title was Trajan often addressed?
optimus princeps
From 146-141 BC who led an army of Lusitanians in resistance to the Romans?
Viriathus
Which emperor later renovated the Pantheon?
Hadrian
Who swam in his armor back to Rome after defending the Pons Sublicius from Lars Porsenna?
Horatius Cocles
Who were Nero’s two famous teachers?
Seneca and Burrus
In what year did the Romans besiege Agrigentum?
262 BC
What were the years of the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
27 BC - 68 AD
What happened to Tarpeia when she asked the Sabines for the gold on their arms?
crushed by their shields
Who was the first emperor appointed by the Senate?
Nerva
What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 264 BC?
Messana
Who proclaimed freedom and independence for all the Greek states at the Isthmian Games of 196 BC?
Flamininus
What is the Cloaca Maxima?
Rome’s great sewer system
What stepson of Claudius married his daughter Octavia?
Nero
What war did the Romans fight from 149-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
Who snuck into the Bona Dea festival at Caesar’s house disguised as a woman?
Clodius Pulcher
In what year did Cicero become consul?
63 BC
In what year did Didius Julianus succeed Pertinax and rule briefly?
193 AD
Which emperor reigned from 98-117 AD?
Trajan
What Parthian general defeated and killed Crassus?
Surenas
At what battle in 46 BC did Caesar defeat Pompey’s sons & Cato the Younger?
Thapsus
Which emperor reigned from 217-218 AD?
Macrinus
Who was the son of Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus?
Caligula
What farmer was called from his plow to be dictator during an invasion of Aequi?
Cincinnatus
Who reportedly shouted “Varus give me back my legions” after the disaster at Teutoberg Forest?
Augustus
What ruler of the Gallic Empire did Aurelian defeat?
Tetricus
What war did the Romans fight from 298-290 BC?
Third Samnite War
What grappling hook attached to a plank did the Romans use to board enemy ships?
corvus
What were the years of Decius’ reign?
249-251 AD
Which emperor died of plague in 270 AD?
Claudius Gothicus
How did Camillus capture Veii?
tunneled under its walls
To what did Octavian change his name when he became emperor?
Augustus
Who divorced his second wife Pompeia over the Bona Dea scandal?
Julius Caesar
Which emperor built the first defensive wall in Britain to mark Rome’s territory?
Hadrian
What does “Cicero” mean?
chickpea
When Lucullus’ army mutinied, who received command against Mithridates VI?
Pompey
How many emperors ruled in 238 AD?
6
Who killed Britannicus to secure his own ascension to the imperial throne?
Nero
What were the years of the First Macedonian War?
215-205 BC
What was Quintus Fabius Maximus’ strategy against Hannibal?
stay close and harass him but avoid all out battle
While his father was emperor who put down a Jewish rebellion at Jerusalem?
Titus
What is a quinquereme?
a ship with five banks of oars
What did Archimedes shout as he ran naked through the streets of Syracuse after he discovered the principle of buoyancy?
Eureka
How many kings did Rome have altogether?
7
What where the years of Constantine’s reign?
306-337 AD
What is the rostra?
the public speaking platform in the Forum
At what 207 BC was Hasdrubal killed while trying to bring reinforcements to Hannibal in Italy?
Metaurus River
With whom did Philip V of Macedon ally before attacking Rome in 215 BC?
Hannibal
Which emperor was assassinated by Cassius Chaerea in 41 BC?
Caligula
Who captured an army of 50,000 Romans in Lusitania in 141 BC?
Viriathus
What were the years of Tiberius’ reign?
14-37 AD
What dynasty lasted from 27 BC - 68 AD?
Julio-Claudian
What were the years of Theodosius’ reign?
379-395 AD
Who was Caesar’s third wife?
Calpurnia
What does “oderint dum probent” mean?
let the hate so long as they approve
What was the ancient name of Istanbul?
Byzantium
Who was the mother of Severus Alexander?
Julia Mamaea
Why did Clodius Pulcher have Cicero exiled?
executed Catilinarian conspirators without a trial
What Roman noble was expelled from Rome and came back leading an army of Volscians?
Coriolanus
Which dynasty reigned from 96-180 AD?
Five Good Emperors
In what year was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
Which king completed the Cloaca Maxima, Rome’s great sewer?
Tarquinius Superbus
In what year did Octavian defeat Fulvia and Lucius Antony at Perusia?
40 BC
Who was referred to as “the sword of Rome”?
Marcellus
At what battle in 312 AD did Constantine eliminate his rival Maxentius?
Milvian Bridge
What Spanish town did Scipio Aemilianus capture in 133 BC?
Numantia
Which monument in Britain was the first to mark Rome’s territory?
Hadrian’s Wall
Who recovered the standards lost by Varus in the Teuroberg Forest?
Germanicus
Which goddess’ sacred geese alerted the Romans that the Gauls were ascending the Capitoline?
Juno’s
Name the Five Good Emperors.
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius
Which emperor reigned from 253-260 AD?
Valerian
What war did the Romans fight from 171-167 BC?
Third Macedonian War
How did the Romans combat Pyrrhus’ elephants?
used fiery missles to scare them
What were the years of Romulus Augustulus’ reign?
475-476 AD
What did Claudius Pulcher say before he threw the sacred chickens overboard when they refused to eat?
if they won’t eat, let them drink
What was the original name of Augustus?
Octavian
Which emperor famously said “festina lente”?
Augustus
At what battle in 47 BC did Caesar defeat the forces of Pharnaces II in Asia Minor?
Zela
Who reportedly said “How easily I could conquer the world, had I the Romans for soldiers, or they me for king”?
Pyrrhus
What tribe’s invasion force the Romans to appoint the farmer Cincinnatus as dictator?
Aequi
What war did the Romans fight from 192-188 BC?
Syrian War / War with Antiochus
What happened to Cicero’s head and hand after he was executed?
placed on the rostra
What is a proconsulship?
governorship of a province
Which emperor ruled from 475-476 AD in the West?
Romulus Augustulus
Which king started a settlement at Ostia where the Tiber meets the Mediterranean?
Ancus Marcius
What award was given to a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat?
Spolia Opima
How long did Caesar’s Gallic campaign last?
7 years
What upstart pretended to be the son of Perseus of Macedon and led a resistance against Rome?
Andriscus
Who was the last emperor to rule a united empire?
Theodosius
Which emperor ruled in the East from 395-408 AD?
Arcadius
What group did Gallienus and Claudius Gothicus defeat at Naissus?
Goths
What bundle of rods with an axe symbolized the imperium (power) of the king?
Fasces
Who was the third and final Roman to win the Spolia Opima?
Marcellus
Which emperor reigned from 218-222 AD?
Elagabalus
What were the years of the Third Macedonian War?
171-167 BC
Which Roman led the capure of Veii in 396 BC?
Camillus
What senate house did Tullus Hostilius build in Rome?
Curia Hostilia
What does “Mamertines” mean?
men of mars
In what year was the Edict of Milan passed, recognizing Christianity as the state religion?
313 AD
What was the full name of the Senate house in Rome?
Curia Hostilia
What was Rome’s first permanent theater?
Theater of Pompey
Who defeated the Cimbri at Vercellae in 101 BC?
Marius
Who reportedly said “qualis artifex pereo” before he had his servant plunge a sword into him?
Nero
To what Roman general did Bocchus hand over Jugurtha?
Sulla
Which officials were in charge of Rome’s finances?
quaestor
Who contended with Marius for the command in the fight against Mithridates VI?
Sulla
Who was murdered by Milo and his gang of thugs in 52 BC?
Clodius Pulcher
Who survived several assassination attempts by her son Nero?
Agrippina the Younger
In what year did the Treaty of Apamea officially end the war against Antiochus III?
188 BC
What last stronghold of Spanish resistance did the Romans capture in 133 BC?
Numantia
Which emperor reigned from 117-138?
Hadrian
At what battle in 102 BC did Marius defeat the Teutones?
Aquae Sextiae
What structure in Rome was the greatest of its kind since the one built by Servius Tullius?
Aurelian’s Wall
What were the years of Honorius’ reign in the West?
395-423 AD
Who put down the rebellion of Vindex in 68 AD?
Verginius Rufus
Which emperor reigned from 270-275 AD?
Aurelian
From what island did Tiberius rule for the last ten years of his reign?
Capri
What son of Tarquinius Superbus abused royal power by taking advantage of Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus?
Sextus Tarquinius
In what year did Attalus III bequeathe Pergamum to the Romans in his will?
133 BC
Who was the author of “Commentaries on the Gallic Wars”?
Julius Caesar
Which emperor had to deal with the rebellion of Boudicca in Britain?
Nero
At what battle in 52 BC did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix and the Gauls?
Alesia
Who said “Vae Victis” when the Romans complained about false weights on the scale used to weigh his ransom money?
Brennus
What does closing the doors of the Temple of Janus signify?
peace
What were the years of Geta’s reign?
211-212 AD
Who won the first Spolia Opima by defeating Acron?
Romulus
What were the years of the Five Good Emperors?
96-180 AD
Which emperor was reportedly killed by a bowl of poison mushrooms?
Claudius
Who was the daughter of Caesar and Cornelia?
Julia
What title did Aurelian receive for his strict discipline?
manus ad ferrum
Who was the first plebeian consul?
Lucius Sextius
At what battle in 249 BC was the Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians?
Drepana
Which emperor completed the construction of the Colosseum?
Titus
Which king of Rome build the Senate house in Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
In what year did Caesar join the First Triumvirate?
60 BC
In what year did the Rome win its first major naval battle at Mylae?
260 BC
Which emperor died at Vindobona in 180 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
With whom did Romulus co-rule in order to appease the Sabines?
Titus Tatius
Which king was the son of Ocrisia who had been a prisoner of war in the court of Tarquinius Priscus?
Servius Tullius
In what year did the Aequi trap a Roman army?
458 BC
Who famously shouted “Eureka” and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse when he discovered the principle of buoyancy?
Archimedes
Name the wife and mother of Coriolanus who persuaded him to turn back from his assault.
Veturia (mother) & Volumnia (wife)
What two mythical brothers urged the Romans to victory at Lake Regillus in 496 BC?
Castor & Pollux
What did Vespasian say on his deathbed?
vae, puto, deus fio
Which officals were in charge of judicial matters?
praetor
What was Hersilia’s deified name?
Hora
Who held power during the Monarchy?
a king
Who single-handedly defended the Pons Sublicius from the assault of Lars Porsenna?
Horatius Cocles
Who was the daughter of Augustus and Scribonia?
Julia
What is the modern day name of Mediolanum?
Milan
What husband of Zenobia had been murdered despite his loyalty to Rome?
Odenaethus
Which emperor reportedly played his fiddle as he watched Rome burn?
Nero
What were the years of Valerian’s reign?
253-260 AD
How did the Five Good Emperors choose their successors?
adoption
What Syracusan engineer attempted to defend the city from the Romans?
Archimedes
Against whom did Caesar fight a civil war?
Pompey
Which king of Rome made religious reforms including the Flamines and the establishment of the Cult of Vesta in Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Who was Rome’s sole consul in 52 BC?
Pompey
Which emperor was the last person buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus?
Nerva
Which emperor succeeded Commodus and ruled briefly in 193 AD?
Pertinax
Who were the two star generals of Vitellius?
Caecina & Valens
At what battle in 168 BC did the Roman general Aemilius Paullus defeat Perseus of Macedon?
Pydna
What city hired Pyrrhus to fight the Romans?
Tarentum
What moorish cavalry commander revolted against Hadrian in 118 AD?
Lusius Quietus
What does “acta est fabula” mean?
the story is finished
After he freed a trapped army of 50,000 Romans in return for peace, what Lusitanian shepherd was killed by three traitors?
Viriathus
What city in Spain did Scipio Africanus capture in 209 BC?
Carthago Nova
At what battle in 295 BC did Decius Mus spur the Romans to victory by commiting a devotio?
Sentinum
Which temple did Tarquinius Superbus complete on the Capitoline?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus / Capitolinus
In what year did Marcellus defeat Viridomarus at Clastidium and win the Spolia Opima?
222 BC
Who brought a sun god from Emesa to Rome?
Elagabalus
What Carthaginian negotiated the Ebro River Treaty with Rome in 226 BC?
Hasdrubal
At what battle in 190 BC did Publius and Lucius Scipio defeat Antiochus III?
Magnesia
What third wife of Claudius was executed for marrying another man and conspiring against him?
Messalina
At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans?
Ticinus River
What is the ancient name of Milan?
Mediolanum
What does “hoc voluerunt” mean?
they wanted this
Where did Surenas defeat and kill the triumvir Crassus in 53 BC?
Carrhae
Who was the domineering grandmother of Elagabalus?
Julia Maesa
Name the 6 emperors of 238 AD.
Maximinus Thrax, Gordian I, Gordian II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III
What did Nero reportedly do while Rome burned?
played his fiddle
At what battle of 324 AD did Constantine defeat his rival Licinius and become sole emperor?
Chrysopolis
Who were the parents of Britannicus?
Claudius & Messalina
What did Titus Tatius lead a group of Sabines to Rome?
to recover their wives
In what year did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus at the Trebia River?
218 BC
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Who was the famous father of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi?
Scipio Africanus
What tribune was killed in 132 BC for seeking re-election?
Tiberius Gracchus
What Spartan mercenary defeated and captured Regulus at the Bagradas Valley in 255 BC?
Xanthippus
What brother of Hannibal defended Spain while Hannibal invaded Italy?
Hasdrubal
What half-Vandal soldier served as a regent for Honorius?
Stilicho
What does the name “Barca” mean in Carthaginian?
blitz / lightning
What war did the Romans fight from 91-88 BC?
Social War
What Roman general bribed the praetorian guards ot desert Nero?
Galba
What two priesthoods did Numa establish in Rome?
Flamines & Vestal Virgins
Which emperor reigned from 37-41 AD?
Caligula
What happened to Valens after the battle of Adrianople?
beaten, skinned, dyed purple, and stuffed
Which emperor ruled in the West from 395-423 AD?
Honorius
Who rebelled against Nero in 68 AD?
Vindex
What Etruscan king tried to capture Rome at the beginning of the Republic?
Lars Porsenna
In what year did Aemilius Paullus defeat Perseus of Macedon at Pydna?
168 BC
After which war did Rome abolish the Madedonian monarchy and establish four independent republics of Macedon?
Third Macedonian War
Who reportedly served Claudius a bowl of poisoned mushrooms?
Agrippina the Younger
What were the years of the Third Punic “War”?
149-146 BC
Who reportedly said “if they won’t eat, let them drink” before he threw the sacred chickens overboard?
Claudius Pulcher
How did the Colosseum receive its name?
Colossus statue of Nero in front
Which emperor’s last words were “go to the rising sun, my sun is setting”?
Marcus Aurelius
Who was Pyrrhus’ ambassador?
Cineas
What novus homo from Arpinum became consul seven times?
Marius
Which king expanded Rome’s population by offering asylum on the Capitoline for outlaws and taking the wives of the neighboring Sabine tribe?
Romulus
Who was executed for treason in 31 AD after executing many innocent men?
Sejanus
Which two generals of Vitellius killed Otho at the First Battle of Cremona in 69 AD?
Caecina & Valens
To whom did Marius lose a struggle for supremacy in Rome?
Sulla
Which emperor changed the name of Rome to Colonia Commodiana?
Commodus
Which king was the son of Demaratus?
Tarquinnius Priscus
Which emperor relied heavily on his freedmen as his chief advisors?
Claudius
Who was killed at the Theater of Pompey on the Ides of March?
Julius Caesar
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Tarquinnius Priscus
What office was Lucius Sextius the first plebeian to hold?
consul
What tribune of 123 BC was re-elected before he was killed for proposing radical legislation?
Gaius Gracchus
What law was passed at Bononia legally recognizing the Second Triumvirate?
Lex Titia
What Spartan mercenary did the Carthaginians hire to assist against the Romans?
Xanthippus
Which emperor ruled with his brother from 211-212 AD?
Geta
In what year did the Romans defeat the Latins at the Lake Regillus?
496 BC
What biological son of Marcus Aurelius succeeded him as emperor?
Commodus
Where did Curius Dentatus defeat Pyrrhus in 275 BC?
Maleventum / Beneventum
What mythical twins were the sons of Zeus and the brothers of Helen?
Castor & Pollux
Which emperor eventually left Rome to rule from his palace on the island of Capri?
Tiberius
What did Nero build on the land cleared by the Great Fire in 64 AD?
Domus Aurea
What does the cognomen “Caecus” mean?
blind
Who launched a major invasion of all of Gaul during his proconsulship?
Julius Caesar
Which emperor reigned from 41-54 AD?
Claudius
Who was the fourth wife of Claudius?
Agrippina the Younger
What is another term for the empire?
principate
What Germanic chieftain destroyed three Roman legions in the Teutoberg Forest?
Arminius / Herman the German
Which emperor reigned from 249-251 AD?
Decius
In what year did Marcellus die leaving Augustus with no male hier?
23 BC
What law was passed in 445 BC which legalized marriage between patricians and plebeians?
Lex Canuleia
What Roman general was victorious at the Lake Regillus?
Postumius
What did Menenius Agrippa deliver a speech about to convince the plebeians to return to the city?
the belly and the limbs
Whose body was thrown from the rock which bears her name after she was crushed to death by Sabine soldiers?
Tarpeia
Which emperor reportedly said “acta est fabula” before he died?
Augustus
After Sejanus was executed, who became Praetorian Prefect?
Macro
Who led the mob which killed Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
Who was the first emperor captured by a foreign enemy?
Valerian
In 269 AD who defeated the Alamanni at Lake Benacus?
Claudius Gothicus
Which emperor made Christianity the official religion of the empire?
Constantine
What novus homo from Arpinum became consul in 63 BC?
Cicero
What was Regulus’ strategy after winning at Cape Ecnomus?
attack Carthage
What Roman did the Carthaginians release on the condition that he return to Carthage with acceptable peace terms?
Regulus
What does “tetrarchy” mean?
rule by 4
What is the term for the period of relative stability throughout the empire until the death of Marcus Aurelius?
Pax Romana
Who shared the throne with Marcus Aurelius from 161-169 AD?
Lucius Verus
What happened to the tribune Saturninus who was a supporter of Marius?
pelted to death with roof tiles
Why did Brutus and Collatinus overthrow the Tarquins?
rape of Lucretia
After the execution of the Catilinarian conspirators who remarked “vixerunt”?
Cicero
Why did Decius Mus sacrifice himself in battle?
had a dream that the army which lost its general would be victorious
What did Augustus reportedly say before he died?
acta est fabula
How did Viriathus die?
Romans bribed traitors to kill him in his sleep
Name both Gracchi brothers?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
Which king established a 12 month lunar calendar in place of a 10 month one?
Numa Pompilius
What does “Cunctator” mean?
The Delayer
Who was the wife of Marc Antony?
Fulvia
What is the ancient name of Naples?
Neapolis
Who was defeated by Antonius Primus at the Second Battle of Cremona?
Vitellius
At what battle of 36 BC did Octavian defeat Sextus Pompey near Sicily?
Naulochus
Who did Cossus defeat to win the second Spolia Opima?
Tolumnius
At what battle in 279 BC did Pyrrhus defeat the Romans at a high cost?
Asculum
What Roman, the wealthiest of his day, joined Pompey and Caesar in the First Triumvirate?
Crassus
Who murdered Clodius Pulcher in 52 BC?
Milo
In what year did the Romans defeat Pyrrhus at Beneventum?
275 BC
Which emperor confided in Ambrose, Bishop of Milan?
Theodosius
Whose rebellion was put down by Crassus?
Spartacus
In what year did Diocletian abdicate and retire as emperor?
305 AD
What nephew of Tiberius was the father of Caligula?
Germanicus
Which emperor reigned from 284-305 AD?
Diocletian
Who led the Sabines to Rome to recover their wives?
Titus Tatius
Which emperor granted citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman empire in 212 AD?
Caracalla
In what year did Brennus sack Rome?
390 BC
Who led his army across the Rubicon and into the heart of Italy in 49 BC?
Julius Caesar
Why did the Sibyl burn 6 of the original Sibylline Books of prophecy?
Tarquinius Superbus refused to pay the price (twice)
What did Sulla remark when he met Julius Caesar as a teenager?
I see in him many a Marius
What stepson of Augustus was Julia’s third husband?
Tiberius
What happened when Regulus returned to Carthage after refusing to negotiate peace terms with the Romans?
he was executed
Whose military reforms included the reorganization of the Roman legion?
Marius
What war began when Carthage crossed the Ebro River in Spain to attack Saguntum?
Second Punic War
What chief lieutenant of Augustus build the Pantheon?
Agrippa
Who passed an edict in 212 AD which granted citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman empire?
Caracalla
What was the full name of Cato the Elder?
Marcus Porcius Cato
Which emperor exiled the poet Ovid for scandalous poetry?
Augustus
Name the three Flavian emperors.
Vespasian, Titus, Domitian
Which emperor ruled from 211-217 AD?
Caracalla
What was believed to be the original name of Tarquinnius Priscus?
Lucomo
Who led an army of Volscians against the Romans?
Coriolanus
At what battle in 217 BC did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius and the Romans?
Lake Trasimene
Who was the son of Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
Who led the effort to rebuild the Carthaginian strength after the First Punic War?
Hamilcar Barca
Who was the father of Tarquinius Priscus?
Demaratus
What father-in-law of Jugurtha betrayed him by handing him over to the Romans in 104 BC?
Bocchus
Who appointed Nerva emperor?
Senate
Who was alerted by the sacred geese that the Gauls were trying to capture the Capitoline Hill?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
In what year did Regulus defeat the Carthaginians at Cape Ecnomus?
256 BC
Who tunneled under the walls of Veii to capture the city in 396 BC?
Camillus
What were the years of Julian the Apostate’s reign?
363-364 AD
With what infant son of was Zenobia ruling?
Vaballathus
What happened to Cloelia after she was returned to Lars Porsenna so that a treaty would not be broken?
he let her go
Which author did Augustus exile for his scandalous poetry?
Ovid
Which emperor reigned during Rome’s 1000th anniversary?
Philip the Arab
What were the years of the Jugurthine War?
111-104 BC
In what year did the Romans besiege Messana?
264 BC
At what battle in 101 BC did Marius defeat the Cimbri?
Vercellae
Why did the Mamertines appeal to Rome for help?
to make Carthage leave Messana
In what year did Marius hold his last consulship?
86 BC
In what year did Caesar win the battle of Thapsus against Pompey’s sons & Cato the Younger?
46 BC
What woman revealed the crimes of Sejanus to Tiberius?
Antonia
Which emperor was conspired against by his sister Lucilla?
Commodus
In what year did Hannibal entrap and defeat Flaminius at Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
During what war did Mutilus lead the Samnites against the Romans?
Social War
What sister of Commodus unsuccessfully conspired against him?
Lucilla
Who committed suicide at the court of King Prusias when the Romans were closing in on him?
Hannibal
Which emperor put down the rebellion of Lusius Quietus, the moorish cavalry commander?
Hadrian
In what year did Rome and Carthage establish the Ebro River Treaty?
226 BC
Whose assualt on Rome was twarted by the bravery of Hortaius Cocles at the Pons Sublicius?
Lars Porsenna
What Numidian king fought for Scipio Aemilianus at Numantia?
Jugurtha
What is Julius Caesar’s full name?
Gaius Julius Caesar
During the First Punic War who was the most brilliant Carthaginian general?
Hamilcar Barca
Who captured the Capitoline Hill through the treachery of a Vestal Virgin named Tarpeia?
Titus Tatius
What daughter of Servius Tullius married Tarquinius Superbus?
Tullia
In what year did Octavian defeat Sextus Pompey at Naulochus?
36 BC
In what year did the Romans defeat the Samnites at Sentinum?
295 BC
Which emperor immediately reversed the religious reforms of Julian the Apostate?
Jovian
Who was Caesar’s second wife?
Pompeia
What Roman woman escaped from Lars Porsenna by swimming across the Tiber?
Cloelia
Who was the third king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
What Lusitanian shepherd led a five year resistance against the Romans?
Viriathus
Which king of Rome establised the Senate?
Romulus
In what year did Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal at Zama?
202 BC
Which emperor was the son of Valerian?
Gallienus
Which emperor of 69 Ad captured Rome through his general Antonius Primus?
Vespasian
Which emperor massacred a crowd at Thessalonica to avenge the murder of a general?
Theodosius
After Caesar’s death who delivered speeches against Marc Antony called the Philippics?
Cicero
In what year did Caesar receive his proconsulship in Cisalpine Gaul?
59 BC
When Carthage refused to leave Messana, who did the Mamertines appeal to for help?
Rome
What butler murdered Domitian?
Stephanus
What were the years of Antoninus Pius’ reign?
138-161 AD
What son of Livia and stepson of Augustus succeeded Augustus as emperor?
Tiberius
Who executed his regent Stilicho because of suspicion?
Honorius
What Roman general captured Carthago Nova in 209 BC?
Scipio Africanus
In what year did Gallienus and Claudius Gothicus defeat the Goths at Naissus?
268 AD
Who was the famous nephew of Marius?
Julius Caesar
Who put down the rebellion of Spartacus?
Crassus
What law of 287 BC removed the restriction that plebian laws be approved by the Comitia Centuriata?
Lex Hortensia
Which emperor instituted the Tetrarchy in which the empire was divided into East & West?
Diocletian
After Rome’s early catastrophic defeats to Hannibal who was made dictator?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
Who was the first Roman general ever to lead a Roman army to occupy Rome itself?
Sulla
What city was destroyed by the warrior king Tullus Hostilius?
Alba Longa
At what battle in 390 BC did Brennus and the Gauls defeat the Romans?
Allia River
Why did Claudius Pulcher throw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana?
they refused to eat
At Caesar’s bidding, who arranged to have Cicero banished from Rome in 58 BC for overstepping his power as consul in 63 BC?
Clodius Pulcher
Who delivered a speech about the “belly and the limbs” to convince the plebeians to return to the city?
Menenius Agrippa
Which emperor put down the rebellion of Zenobia in the East?
Aurelian
What series of speeches did Cicero deliver against Marc Antony after the death of Caesar?
Philippics
What does “Superbus” mean?
Proud
What island did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?
Sicily
At what battle in 269 AD did Claudius Gothicus defeat the Alamanni?
Lake Benacus
What are fasces?
bundle of rods with an axe which symbolized imperium
What were the years fo the First Punic War?
264-241 BC
What war did the Romans fight from 343-341 BC?
First Samnite War
What type radical legislation did both Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus try to introduce?
redistribution of large estates of land
What kind of Carthaginian ship did the Romans first model their navy on?
quinquereme
Where did Rome earn its last notable naval victory over a foreign enemy in 190 BC?
Myonessus
Which emperor ruled from 27 BC - 14 AD?
Augustus
What is a Pontifex Maximus?
chief priest
Which emperor reigned from 193-211 AD?
Septimius Severus
What Seleucid monarch invaded Greece which sparked a war with Rome in 192 BC?
Antiochus III
What position was given to Junius Brutus and Collatinus at the start of the Republic?
consuls
Who defeated the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC?
Marius
Which member of the praetorian guard assassinated Caligula?
Cassius Chaerea
What maiden did the decemvir Appius Claudius try to take advantage of?
Verginia
What is the modern day name of Lusitania?
Portugal
What Roman general captured Syracuse in Sicily in 211 BC?
Marcellus
Who was Sulla’s leading general?
Pompey
What war did the Romans fight from 327-304 BC?
Second Samnite War
The First Punic War broke out because of a conflict with Carthage over what island?
Sicily
Which emperor fled to Ravenna when Alaric sacked Rome?
Honorius
What did Cineas call the Roman senate?
an assembly of kings
Which emperor killed his brother Geta as they struggled for the throne?
Caracalla
At what battle in 280 BC did Pyrrhus defeat the Romans at a high cost?
Heraclea
Who paraded Tetricus and Zenobia through the streets of Rome in his triumph?
Aurelian
Whose death was brought about by Lucius Opimius and the SCU?
Gaius Gracchus
What kingdom did Attalus III bequeathe to the Romans in his will in 133 BC?
Pergamum
In what year did the Western Roman empire end?
476 AD
What treaty of 188 BC ended the war against Antiochus III?
Treaty of Apamea
Where did the prows used for the rostra come from?
Antium
Which king was believed to have originally been named Lucomo?
Tarquinnius Priscus
What does “qualis artifex pereo” mean?
what an artist dies in me
What novus homo was born at Arpinum in 106 BC?
Cicero
What is the term for the public speaking platform in the Forum?
rostra
On what date was Caesar assassinated?
March 15, 44 BC
At what battle of 42 BC did Octavian and Marc Antony defeat Caesar’s assassins?
Philippi
Who led a rebellion with her infant son Vaballathus against Aurelian?
Zenobia
How long did censors serve?
18 months
What was the original Etruscan name of Servius Tullius?
Mastarna
Which province did Claudius add in 43 AD?
Britannia
Which official was responsible for editing the rolls of citizens and building roads & aqueducts?
censor
Which emperor abolished the Olympic Games in 393 AD?
Theodosius
What three Alban brothers were chosen to fight the Curiatii to decide the outcome of the war with Rome?
Curiatii
Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313 AD?
Constantine
Why was the tribune Livius Drusus the Younger killed in 91 BC?
tried to promote citizenship for Latin allies
Which king’s original Etruscan name was Mastarna?
Servius Tullius
What did Caesar reportedly say after the battle of Pharsalus?
hoc voluerunt
How many tribunes were elected each year?
10
What did the Romans do to people senteced to execution?
threw them from Tarpeian rock
What is a censor?
an official responsible for editing the rolls of citizens and building roads & aqueducts
Which triumvir was killed fighting the the Parthians at Carrhae in 53 BC?
Crassus
In what year did Publius & Lucius Scipio issue a final defeat to Antiochus III?
190 BC
What author cites the reason for his exile as “carmen et error”?
Ovid
What is a praetor?
judge
What were the years of the Second Punic War?
218-202 BC
What governor of Syria revolted during Marcus Aurelius’ reign?
Avidius Cassius
What military innovation was Pyrrhus the first to use against the Romans?
elephants
Who caused Third Punic War by making raids into Carthaginian territory which forced them to retaliate and violate their treaty with the Romans?
Massinissa
What rival did Constantine eliminate at the battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD?
Maxentius
What Greek mercenary from Epirus was hired by Tarentum to fight Rome?
Pyrrhus
Who defeated Tetricus the ruler of the Gallic Empire?
Aurelian
Who was the first enemy to use elephants against the Romans?
Pyrrhus
In what year did Pyrrhus defeat the Romans at Asculum but at a high cost?
279 BC
Who was the Christian mistress of Commodus?
Marcia
What Carthaginian made his young son Hannibal swear eternal hatred for Rome in return for the opportunity to join his father’s military exploits?
Hamilcar Barca
What did the Romans call the aristocrats?
patricians
After his victory at the Ticinus River, where did Hannibal defeat the forces of Sempronius Longus?
Trebia River
What tribune of 100 BC, who supported Marius, was pelted to death with roof tiles from the Curia?
Saturninus
What city did Carthage beseige in 219 BC to begin the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
Who built a temple for Castor & Pollux after the Lake Regillus?
Postumius
Who set up a system of government in which the empire was divided among two Augusti and two Caesares as their assistants?
Diocletian
Which two men led the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar on March 15, 44 BC?
Brutus & Cassius
Who executed his wife Messalina for marrying another man and conspiring against him?
Claudius
In what year did Constantine defeat Licinius at Chrysopolis?
324 AD
In what year was Hasdrubal killed at the Metaurus River while trying to bring reinforcments to Hannibal?
207 BC
In what year did Pompey build Rome’s permanent theater?
55 BC
What son of Claudius did Nero kill to secure his ascension to the imperial throne?
Britannicus
What is said to have happed on April 21, 753 BC?
Foundation of Rome
Name in order the emperors of 69 AD.
Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
Which emperor purchased the imperial throne at an auction?
Didius Julianus
In what year did Alaric sack Rome?
410 AD
What Roman statesman was known for his stern manner, high moral standards, and love of cabbage?
Cato the Elder
What law of 90 BC extended many rights to the Latin allies and helped end the Social War?
Lex Julia
Who brought the cherry tree from the East to Italy?
Lucullus
What temple did Augutus’ chief leiutenant Agrippa build?
Pantheon
What deified name was given to Romulus after his death?
Quirinus
What Roman admiral won Rome’s first major naval battle at Mylae in 260 BC?
Duilius
In what year did Titus complete the construction of the Colosseum?
80 AD
Who did the Mamertines appeal to for help against the Syracusans?
Carthage
Who placed Cicero first on his proscription list when the Second Triumvirate was formed?
Marc Antony
What tribune had Cicero exiled for executing the Catilinarian conspirators without a trial?
Clodius Pulcher
Which emperor reigned from 79-81 AD?
Titus
In what year was Cicero executed at Formiae?
43 BC
The seige of what city in 264 BC began the First Punic War?
Messana
Who reportedly wept after salting the Carthaginian land because he recognized a similar fate for Rome one day?
Scipio Aemilianus
Who was the Egyptian wife of Marc Antony?
Cleopatra
Whose death was brought about by Scipio Nasica and an angry mob?
Tiberius Gracchus
Whose head was thrown into Hannibal’s tent after he was killed at the Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal’s
Who led a rebellion against Gallienus at Mediolanum?
Aureolus
When the Second Triumvirate was formed, who did Marc Antony place first on his proscription list?
Cicero
What subordinate of Marius received Jugurtha from Bocchus?
Sulla
About whom did Sulla remark “I see in him many a Marius” when he met him as a teenager?
Julius Caesar
What river in Spain did Carthage cross to attack Saguntum?
Ebro River
Which Roman became consul an unprecedented 7 times?
Marius
At what battle in 191 BC did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III?
Thermopylae
Who was found hiding behind a curtain and made emperor after Caligula’s assassination?
Claudius
In what year were there four emperors?
69 AD
In what year did Marius die during his seventh consulship?
86 BC
What is the modern day name of Vindobona?
Vienna
Where did the Carthaginians originate from?
Phoenicia
Who was the co-Augustus of Diocletian?
Maximian
Where did Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus meet in 43 BC to form the Second Triumvirate?
Bononia
What city did Constantine make the capital of the empire?
Byzantium
What is the term for a victory which costs more than it is worth?
Pyrrhic Victory
What consul was responsible for killing Gaius Gracchus?
Lucius Opimius
What were the years of the Fourth Macedonian War?
149-148 BC
What does “veni, vidi, vici” mean?
I came, I saw, I conquered
What dictator returned to his plow after defeating the Aequi in only 16 days?
Cincinnatus
Which emperor shared the throne with Lucius Verus for eight years?
Marcus Aurelius
At what battle in 426 BC did Cossus defeat Tolumnius and win the Spolia Opima?
Fidenae
What event did Theodosius abolish in 393 AD?
Olympic Games
How many Augusti ruled at a time during the Tetrarchy?
2
What was Octavian’s actual relationship to Caesar?
great-nephew
In what year did Caesar defeat the last of Pompey’s supporters at Munda?
45 BC
What were the years of Septimius Severus’ reign?
193-211 AD
Where did Gallienus die suppressing the rebellion of Aureolus?
Mediolanum
Whose hand and head were placed on the rostra after his execution in 43 BC?
Cicero
What region of Greece was Pyrrhus from?
Epirus
How did Hannibal defeat the Romans at Cannae?
drew the Romans into the center and surrounded them
Who was the wife of Marcus Aurelius?
Faustina the Younger
Who was executed at Formiae on December 7, 43 BC?
Cicero
At what battle in 218 BC did Hannibal defeat Sempronius Longus and the Romans?
Trebia River
What king of Numidia aided Scipio Africanus in defeating Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC?
Massinissa
How often were censors elected?
every 5 years
Why did the Praetorian Guard murder Severus Alexander and Julia Mamaea?
peace efforts with the Germans
Who were the two sons of Septimius Severus & Julia Domna?
Caracalla & Geta
What bridge did Ancus Marcius build across the Tiber?
Pons Sublicius
In what year did Hannibal defeat Publius Cornelius Scipio and the Romans at the Ticinus River?
218 BC
What are the Spolia Opima?
“richest spoils” won by a general who defeated the opposing general in single combat
In what year did Pyrrhus earn a costly victory over the Romans at Heraclea?
280 BC
What son of Pompey was committing acts of piracy near Sicily?
Sextus Pompey
Who was assassinated by his subordinate Perperna after being hunted down by Pompey?
Sertorius
Which decemvir abused his power by trying to take advantage of the maiden Verginia?
Appius Claudius
What was the major effect of the Sexto-Licinian Law?
at least one consul had to be plebeian
Who was the first emperor to be deified after his death?
Augustus
At what battle in 256 BC did Regulus and the Romans defeat the Carthaginian navy?
Cape Ecnomus
What is the modern day name of Neapolis?
Naples
In what year was Valens captured by the Goths at Adrianople?
378 AD
What is a Senatus Consultum Ultimum?
supreme decree of the Senate
Where was Nerva the last person buried?
Mausoleum of Augustus
What general of Vespasian defeated Vitellius at the Second Battle of Bedriacum?
Antonius Primus
After what battle did Caesar reportedly say “veni, vidi, vici”?
Zela
Which emperor had his wife Octavia put to death?
Nero
What Sicilian city did the Mamertines overrun after abandoning their agreement to fight for Syracuse?
Messana
As dictator in 82 BC who set up the first proscription list?
Sulla
What rival did Constantine defeat at Chrysopolis to become sole ruler?
Licinius
Who was Augustus’ second wife?
Livia
In what year did the Roman general Glabrio defeat Antiochus III at Thermopylae?
191 BC
What law of 367 BC required at least one consul to be plebeian?
Sexto-Licinian Law
How did Bibulus get on Caesar’s bad side?
vetoed a land reform bill
In what year did the Lex Julua extend many rights the the Latin allies and help end the Social War?
90 BC
What were the years of Caligula’s reign?
37-41 AD
Which emperor was killed at the First Battle of Cremona in 69 AD?
Otho
Who fled from Italy after Caesar crossed the Rubicon?
Pompey
At what battle in 202 BC did Massinissa help Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal?
Zama
In what year was the First Triumvirate formed as de facto rulers of Rome?
60 BC
Who was Caesar’s co-consul in 59 BC?
Bibulus
What water nymph was reported to have been the consort of Numa Pompilius?
Egeria
What Roman general was responsible for the disastrous defeat at the Teutoberg Forest?
Quinctilius Varus
What philosophy did Marcus Aurelius practice?
Stoicism
What does “Cocles” mean?
one-eyed
Who was the last member of the Constantinian dynasty?
Julian the Apostate
What war was fought over a disputue at Neapolis from 327-303 BC?
Second Samnite War
What Germanic chieftain sacked Rome in 476 AD?
Odoacer
In what year was Julius Caesar elected consul for the first time?
59 BC
What refugee did Antiochus III use as an advisor and admiral, albeit ineffective?
Hannibal
Name the wife of Romulus.
Hersilia
Who build his Domus Aurea on the land cleared by the Great Fire of 64 AD?
Nero
Which law made plebiscite (laws passed by the Concilium Plebis) legally binding?
Lex Canuleia
In what year did the Roman empire begin?
27 BC
Why did Scipio Aemilianus weep after destroying Carthage and salting the earth?
recognized a similar fate for Rome one day
Which emperor thought of himself as a reincarnation of Hercules?
Commodus
What Gothic chieftain capture Valens at Adrianiople?
Fritigern
Which emperor built the greatest wall around Rome?
Aurelian
What did Caesar promise to do the pirates who kidnapped him as a young man?
crucify them
At what battle in 216 BC did Hannibal issues the Romans their worst ever defeat?
Cannae
Which emperor was called “Resitutor Orbis” for defeating Tetricus?
Aurelian
Which emperor reigned from 364-378 AD?
Valens
Who helped Tarquinius Superbus kill her father?
Tullia
Which emperor was referred to as “optimus princeps”?
Trajan
Which emperor banned pagan worship and closed all pagan temples in 391 AD?
Theodosius
Which emperor grow the empire to its greatest ever extent?
Trajan
Which emperor wrote the “Meditations” which discussed stoic philosophy?
Marcus Aurelius
Whose 5 children included Gaius & Lucius Caesar, and Agrippina the Elder?
Julia & Agrippa
Name the five Julio-Claudian emperors.
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
What did Archimedes say when the Romans soldiers came to kill him?
Don’t distub my circles
Of what origin was Tarquinius Priscus?
Etruscan
What road did Appius Claudius Caecus build from Rome to Capua during the 2nd Samnite War?
Via Appia
What Spanish stronghold did the Romans starve into submission in 133 BC?
Numantia
Which consul died in battle at Cannae in 216 BC?
Aemilius Paulus
What descendant of the first consul of Rome plotted with Cassius to assassinate Caesar?
Brutus
What does “manus ad ferrum” mean?
hand on steel
Why did Sulla lead an army to occupy Rome?
to make sure command against Mithridates VI was not transferred to Marius
During which emperor’s reign were the doors of Temple of Janus closed for the second time?
Augustus
What is the alternate name for the Colosseum?
Flavian Amphitheater
What small town was Marius from?
Arpinum
What king of Macedon allied with Hannibal and attacked Rome in 215 BC?
Philip V
Why did Augustus exile his daughter Julia?
loose morals and lascivious behavior
After Marcellus died, who did Julia marry?
Agrippa
What Gallic chieftain was defeated at Alesia in 52 BC?
Vercingetorix
Augustus recovered the legionary standards lost by which triumvir at Carrhae in 53 BC?
Crassus
At what battle in 105 BC did the Cimbri & Teutones defeat a Roman army?
Arausio
What nephew of Augustus did his daughter Julia marry?
Marcellus
What battle in 190 BC was the last notable Roman naval victory over a foreign enemy?
Myonessus
At what battle did Claudius Gothicus earn his cognomen for defeating the Goths?
Naissus
Which emperor reigned from 244-249 AD?
Philip the Arab
Name all 7 kings in order.
Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus
Which of the Five Good Emperors was succeeded by his natural son Commodus?
Marcus Aurelius
What did Caesar reportedly say before crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC?
alea iacta est
Where did Marcus Aurelius die in 180 AD?
Vindobona
What war did the Romans fight from 264-241 BC?
1st Punic War
What great general was the father of Caligula?
Germanicus
How did the last survivor of the Horatii defeat the three Curiatii?
pretended to run away then turned around and killed them one by one
How did Claudius Gothicus die in 270 AD?
plague
In what year did the Lex Canuleia legalize marriage between patricians and plebeians?
445 BC
At whose court did Hannibal commit suicide?
King Prusias
Which emperor reigned from 138-161 AD?
Antoninus Pius
What Praetorian Prefect was part of the successful plot against Commodus’ life?
Laetus
During which emperor’s reign did Mt. Vesuvius erupt?
Titus’
In what year was Fabius Rullianus defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae?
315 BC
What three Roman brothers were chosen to fight the Curiatii to decide the outcome of the war with Alba Longa?
Horatii
Which temple’s doors were closed for the second time during Augustus’ reign signifying peace?
Temple of Janus
What nearby city did Camillus capture in 396 BC?
Veii
At what battle in 496 B.C. did the Romans defeat the Latins?
Lake Regillus
Who was the first emperor to systematically persecute Christians throughout the empire?
Decius
What city was renamed Constantinople after it became the capital of the empire?
Byzantium
Why was Julian known as the “apostate”?
tried to restore Pagan worship
What structure in the Forum Romanum commemorates the military accomplishments of Septimius Severus?
Arch of Septimius Severus
What does “Carthago delenda est” mean?
Carthage must be destroyed
For what Seleucid monarch did Hannibal become an advisor admiral for?
Antiochus the Great
How many Caesares ruled at a time during the Tetrarchy?
2
What were the years of the Third Samnite War?
298-290 BC
What “war” did the Romans fight from 149-146 BC?
Third Punic War
In what year did the Romans defeat Antiochus III at Myonessus?
190 BC
What wife and brother of Marc Antony did Octavian capture at Perusia?
Fulvia and Lucius Antony
Whose husband Odenaethus had been murdered despite his loyalty to Rome?
Zenobia
What Sicilian city did the Romans besiege in 262 BC?
Agrigentum
How many children did Agrippa and Julia have?
5
At what battle in 45 BC did Caesar defeat the last of Pompey’s supporters in Spain?
Munda
Which emperor dedicated the Ara Pacis in Rome in 9 BC?
Augustus
What distant 8th hill across the Tiber did Ancus Marcius add to the city?
Janiculum
In what year did Scipio and Massinissa defeat and capture Syphax at the Great Plains?
203 BC
What religion did Constantine make the official religion of the empire?
Christianity
On what road did Tullia ride over her father’s body with a chariot?
Via Scelerata
What Vestal Virgin treacherously allowed Titus Tatius to capture the Capitoline Hill?
Tarpeia
What does “vae, puto, deus fio” mean?
alas, I think, I am becoming a god
Who was the wife of Septimius Severus?
Julia Domna
At what battle in 197 BC did the Roman general Flamininus defeat Philip V?
Cynoscephalae
What did Domitian like to be called?
dominus et deus
What were the years of Caracalla’s reign?
211-217 AD
Who was referred to as “The Second Founder of Rome”?
Camillus
What adopted grandson of Scipio Africanus destroyed Carthage in 146 BC?
Scipio Aemilianus
What subordinate of Sertorius assassinated him?
Perperna
What chief leader of the Populares was famous for accepting soldiers whether or not they met property qualifications?
Marius
Which emperor was instructed by Seneca and Burrus during the first five years of his reign?
Nero
Which emperor is best known for his conquest of Dacia?
Trajan
How long did it take Pompey to hunt down the pirates harrassing the Mediterranean?
3 months
What is a tribune?
an official elected to represent the rights of the plebeians
In what year was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 BC
In what year was the first law code inscribed on bronze tablets and set up in the Forum?
450 BC
Whose rebellion was put down by Verginius Rufus in 68 AD?
Vindex
What did Commodus change Rome’s name to?
Colonia Commodiana
What tribune of 91 BC was killed for trying to promote citizenship for the Latin allies?
Livius Drusus the Younger
What son of Julia Mamaea ruled from 222-235 AD?
Severus Alexander
What son-in-law of Augustus married his daughter Julia but died young with no hier?
Marcellus
Who was the famous grandfather of Jugurtha?
Massinissa
What were the years of Claudius Gothicus’ reign?
268-270 AD
Which emperor was betrayed by his wife Domitia and murdered by his butler Stephanus?
Domitian
What queen of Palmyra revolted against Aurelian?
Zenobia
How did Collatinus and Brutus become the first Roman consuls?
overthrew the Tarquins
What does “rostra” mean?
prows of ships
What two generals were horribly defeated by Hannibal at Cannae in 216 BC?
Paulus & Varro
Which emperor was the father of Titus & Domitian?
Vespasian
When did the Western Roman empire fall?
476 AD
What Greek city did Mummius and the Romans capture in 146 BC?
Corinth
What does “festina lente” mean?
make haste slowly
How did Commodus die?
strangled in his bath
Who threw the sacred chickens overboard before the Drepana because they refused to eat?
Claudius Pulcher
What were the years of Vespasian’s reign?
69-79 AD
Who outbid Sulpicianus to purchase the imperial throne in 193 AD?
Didius Julianus
What victory of Octavian effectively ended the Republic?
Actium
What Roman censor ended every speech with the line “Carthago delenda est”?
Cato the Elder
In what year did the Lutatius Catulus defeat the Carthaginians at the Aegates Islands and end the First Punic War?
241 BC
What war began when Massinissa began making raids against Carthage causing it to retaliate and violate its treaty with the Romans?
Third Punic War
Where did the Romans retreat to when Brennus captured the city?
Capitoline Hill
What was the effect of Caracalla’s Constitutio Antoniniana edict in 212 AD?
granted citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman empire
In what year did Sulla become dictator for life?
82 BC
Which emperor ordered the assassination of his mother Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
Which emperor was captured by Fritigern and the Goths at Adrianople in 378 AD?
Valens
What were the years of the War with Antiochus?
192-188 BC
What is the Ara Pacis?
Altar of Peace
Which emperor reigned from 81-96 AD?
Domitian
What evil advisor of Tiberius held great influence and executed many innocent men for treason?
Sejanus
Which emperor was well-known for having a stutter?
Claudius
What city in Spain is named after Hamilcar Barca?
Barcelona
Who did Caesar defeat at Zela in 47 BC?
Pharnaces II
Who was the most famous Roman orator?
Cicero
Who negotiated with Numantia for the release of 20,000 Roman soldiers in 137 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
Who was killed on the Ides of March in 44 BC?
Julius Caesar
Which emperor was known as “the Apostate” because he tried to restore Pagan worship?
Julian the Apostate
Who was the first emperor of equestrian origin?
Macrinus
What were the years of Diocletian’s reign?
284-305 AD
Which official was in charge of public entertainment?
aedile
Which emperor reigned from 379-395 AD?
Theodosius
At what battle of 31 BC did Octavian defeat Marc Antony and Cleopatra?
Actium
In what year did Flamininus defeat Philip V at Cynoscephalae?
197 BC
What were the years of Nero’s reign?
54-68 AD
What Visigothic chieftain sacked Rome in 410 AD?
Alaric
Which political office had the power to veto legislation?
tribune
What symbolic name of the Romans was derived from the name Quirinus?
Quirites
What is the term for when the plebeians left the city because of unrest between them and the patricians?
Secession of the Plebs
What warrior king destroyed Alba Longa?
Tullus Hostilius
What were the years of the Severan Dynasty?
193-235 AD
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
What Roman general campaigned against Mithridates for 8 years before his army mutinied?
Lucullus
What veteran of Marius fled to Spain and led a resistance agaunst the Sullan government from 82-73 BC?
Sertorius
Which king established the cult of Diana on the Aventine hill?
Servius Tullius
What enemy of Rome crossed the Alps with 37 war elephants in 219 BC?
Hannibal
What famous road and aqueduct did Appius Claudius build when he was censor?
Via Appia & Aqua Appia
Which king completed the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline?
Tarquinius Superbus
Which two men over threw the Tarquins and became the first consuls of the Republic?
Collatinus & Lucius Junius Brutus
Which emperor died suppressing a rebellion under Aureolus at Mediolanum?
Gallienus
At what battle in 268 AD did Gallienus and Claudius Gothicus defeat the Goths?
Naissus
What honorific title was given to Camillus?
The Second Founder of Rome
Which political party appealed to the interests of the Senate and aristocracy?
Optimates
Which king’s wife was named Tanaquil?
Tarquinnius Priscus
In what year was Julius Caesar appointed Pontifex Maximus?
63 BC
What were the years of Hadrian’s reign?
117-138 AD
Which emperor’s final words were “qualis artifex pereo”?
Nero
What were the years of Trajan’s reign?
98-117 AD
In what year did Mithridates VI die?
63 BC
What group of Campanian mercenaries overran Messana after abandoning their agreement to fight for the Syracusans?
Mamertines
What does “Caligula” mean?
little boot
At what batttle in 9 AD were three Roman legions led by Varus completely destroyed by Arminius and the Germans?
Teutoberg Forest
In what year did Marius hold his first consulship?
107 BC
Who was the leader of the Decemviri?
Appius Claudius
Who opened the gates of the Capitoline to the Sabines after being promised to receive what they bore on their arms?
Tarpeia
To what city was the Via Appia eventually extended?
Brundisium
What title did Aurelian earn for defeating Zenobia?
Resitutor Orientis
In what temple were the three Sibylline Books kept?
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus / Capitolinus
What war did the Romans fight from 111-104 BC?
Jugurthine War
What were the years of Severus Alexander’s reign?
222-235 AD
During his consulship, whose conspiracy against Rome did Cicero stop?
Catiline
Who captured the Spanish town of Numantia in 133 BC?
Scipio Aemilianus
What Praetorian Prefect of Commodus was part of the successful plot to kill him?
Laetus
What Roman held his right hand in a fire to show Lars Porsenna the resolve of the Roman people?
Mucius Scaevola
What Roman general was victorious at Thermopylae against Antiochus III?
Glabrio
At what battle in 48 BC was Pompey defeated by Caesar and killed after fleeing to Egypt?
Pharsalus
Who hunted down the pirates harrassing the Mediterranean in only 3 months?
Pompey
Which emperor invaded and conquered Britain in 43 AD?
Claudius
What were the years of the First Samnite War?
343-341 BC
What happened after Appius Claudius tried to take advantage of Verginia?
she killed herself
What is the traditional foundation date of Rome?
April 21, 753 BC
What sister-in-law of Tiberius had revealled the crimes of Sejanus to him?
Antonia
Who was the son of Claudius and Messalina?
Britannicus
What bridge did Horatius Cocles single-handedly defend from the assault of Lars Porsenna?
Pons Sublicius
Where did Honorius flee to when Alaric sacked Rome?
Ravenna
Who surivived an attempt to sink her ship at sea?
Agrippina the Younger
Which Tetrarch was the father of Maxentius?
Maximian
Who was the fourth king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
What war began when Attalus I of Pergamum appealed to Rome for help against Philip V of Macedon?
Second Macedonian War
What commission of 10 men chosen to write the Twelve Tables?
Decemviri
What king of Mauretania betrayed Jugurtha by handing him over to the Romans in 104 BC?
Bocchus
What were the years of Claudius’ reign?
41-54 AD
What tribune proposed the creation of the colony Iunonia by redeveloping the area of Carthage?
Gaius Gracchus
How long did a dictator serve?
6 months
Who was Caesar’s first wife?
Cornelia
In what year was Claudius Pulcher defeated by the Carthaginians at Drepana?
249 BC
Who defeated Tolumnius at Fidenae to win the second Spolia Opima
Cossus
Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate?
Marc Antony, Octavian & Lepidus
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
Which emperor was married to Sabina?
Hadrian
What is a proscription list?
a list of enemies to be executed without trial
Which emperor was the first of provincial origin?
Trajan
What mistress of Commodus was part of the successful plot against his life?
Marcia
What former enemy of Rome became an advisor admiral for the Seleucid monarch Antiochus the Great in a war against Rome?
Hannibal
What general helped Octavian defeat Antony and Cleopatra at Actium?
Agrippa
What two consuls of 43 BC were killed in battle at Mutina?
Hirtius & Pansa
Which emperor put down the rebellion of Avidius Cassius?
Marcus Aurelius
What bronze tablets of Roman law were inscribed in 450 BC and posted in the Forum for all to see?
Twelve Tables
Name the mother of Servius Tullius who had been a prisoner of war in the court of Tarquinius Priscus?
Ocrisia
What structure in Britain marked Roman territory north of Hadrian’s Wall?
Antonine Wall
At what battle in 255 BC did the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus help the Carthaginians defeat and capture Regulus?
Bagradas Valley
What did Scipio Aemilianus do to ensure Carthage would never be able to grow crops again?
salted the fields
Which emperor reigned from 222-235 AD?
Severus Alexander
Which emperor reigned from 363-364 AD?
Julian the Apostate
What did Cicero remark after the Catilinarian conspirators were executed?
Vixerunt (“they have lived”)
Who was emperor when Odoacer and the Germans sacked Rome in 476 AD?
Romulus Augustulus
Who were the famous cousins of Scipio Aemilianus?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
What book of Marcus Aurelius discussed stoic philosophy?
Meditations
What castrophic event occurred on August 24, 79 AD?
eruption of Mt. Vesuvius
Who did Caesar adopt as his son and heir in his will?
Octavian
In what city did Spartacus spark a slave rebellion against Rome?
Capua
What does “in hoc signo vinces” mean?
in this sign you will conquer
At what battle in 203 BC did Scipio and Massinissa defeat and capture Syphax?
Great Plains
Which emperor reigned from 69-79 AD?
Vespasian
How did Gaius Marcius receive the cognomen Coriolanus?
led a Volscian tribe from Corioli
What were the years of the Flavian Dynasty?
69-96 AD
What does “Thermopylae” mean?
hot gate
What statesman was suspected of having an affair with Caesar’s second wife Pompeia?
Clodius Pulcher
What Samnite general was one of Rome’s main antagonists during the Social War?
Mutilus
In what year did Octavian defeat Marc Antony and Cleopatra at Actium?
31 BC
What tribune of 133 BC was killed for proposing radical legislation which favored the plebeians?
Tiberius Gracchus
How many slaves did Pompey crucify along the Via Appia after the rebellion of Spartacus?
6000
Which two men shared the consulship in 70 BC and 55 BC?
Pompey & Crassus
What bridge across the Tiber connected the Janiculum hill to Rome?
Pons Sublicius
What is the modern day name of Byzantium?
Istanbul
Who was beaten to death by Anicetus after several failed assassination attempts by Nero?
Agrippina the Younger
Who formed a conspiracy against Nero in 65 AD which implicated several famous Romans?
Piso
Which emperor reigned from 161-180 AD?
Marcus Aurelius
What two Gallic tribes defeated a Roman army at Arausio in 105 BC?
Cimbri & Teutones
What is the term for the 3 books of sacred prophecy in Rome?
Sibylline Books
Who was the first Christian emperor?
Constantine
Who was the wife of Tarquinnius Priscus?
Tanaquil
What group was Decius the first emperor to systematically persecute throughout the empire?
Christians
What daughter of Claudius did Nero marry?
Octavia
At what battle in 260 AD was Valerian captured by the Persian king Shapur?
Edessa
Who was the last emperor of the Western empire?
Romulus Augustulus
How did Cloelia escape from Lars Porsenna?
swam across the Tiber (or rode on horseback)
What were the years of Gallienus’ reign?
253-268 AD
What device did the Romans use to board Carthaginian ships and produce hand to hand combat?
corvus
In what year did Pertinax suceed Commodus and rule briefly?
193 AD
Which king was reported to have a water nymph named Egeria as his consort?
Numa Pompilius
Which emperor reportedly said “I found Rome a city of brick, and left it a city of marble”?
Augustus
Which emperor succeeded Pertinax and ruled briefly in 193 AD?
Didius Julianus
Which emperor reigned from 306-337 AD?
Constantine
Who defeated Licinius at Chrysopolis in 324 AD and became sole emperor?
Constantine
In what year did the Samnites defeat the Romans at the Caudine Forks and force them to walk under the yoke?
321 BC
What woman did Sextus Tarquinius take advantage of?
Lucretia
Who fulfilled his promise to crucify the pirates who captured him as a young man?
Julius Caesar
Who were the members of the First Triumvirate?
Pompey, Caesar & Crassus
Who defeated Caesar’s assassins at Philippi in 42 BC?
Octavian & Marc Antony
In what year did Augustus dedicate the Ara Pacis in Rome?
9 BC
Who defeated the Romans at the Allia River in 390 BC?
Brennus
Whose rape led Brutus and Collatinus to overthrow the Tarquins?
Lucretia
Which emperor reigned from 238-244 AD?
Gordian III
According to Shakespeare what did Caesar say when he died?
et tu Brute?
Who were the famous sons of Cornelia whom she called her “jewels”?
Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus
What were the years of the Second Samnite War?
327-304 BC
What tribune, in 462 BC, first requested a code of written laws?
Terentilius Harsa
What mythological hero did Commodus think of himself as?
Hercules
Which emperor liked to be called “dominus et deus”?
Domitian
What is a novus homo?
first person in family to earn consulship
Who won battles over the Romans at Heralcea and Asculum but with huge losses of his own men?
Pyrrhus
What were the years of Marcus Aurelius’ reign?
161-180 AD
Who built Rome’s first permanent theater in 55 BC?
Pompey
Who reportedly saw a cross with the words “in hoc signo vinces” before the battle of Milvian Bridge?
Constantine
What king of Numidia waged war with Rome from 111-104 BC?
Jugurtha
What novus homo ended all of his speeches with the line “Carthago delenda est”?
Cato the Elder
Which emperor was a stoic philosopher who wrote a book entitled “Meditations”?
Marcus Aurelius
Which Severan emperor built an arch in the Roman Forum?
Septimius Severus
Who adopted a delaying strategy and avoided all out battle with Hannibal when he was appointed dictator?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
What words did Constantine reportedly see in a cross before the battle of Milvian Bridge?
in hoc signo vinces
Who was besieged by Marc Antony at Mutina in 43 BC?
Decimus Brutus
Who was the first emperor to abdicate from power and retire?
Diocletian
Which emperor received his nickname as a little boy from the soldiers under his father’s command?
Caligula
What great sewer did Tarquinius Superbus complete?
Cloaca Maxima
Which emperor was called “Restitutor Orientis” for defeating Zenobia?
Aurelian
What group of three men dominated Roman political affairs beginning in 60 BC?
First Triumvirate
In what year did the Carthaginians led by Xanthippus defeat Regulus and the Romans?
255 BC
Who ruled during the Great Fire of 64 AD?
Nero
What is the ancient name of Vienna?
Vindobona
What did the Romans consult in times of great crisis?
Sibylline Books
What teacher of Nero was forced to commit suicide in 65 AD because of his involvement in the Pisonian Conspiracy?
Seneca the Younger
Which emperor spent most of his reign at war against the Parthians, Quadi, and Marcomanni?
Marcus Aurelius
Who was killed by her brother for mourning the Curiatii?
Horatia
Where was Caesar assassinated on March 15, 44 BC?
Theater of Pompey
What eldest son of Philip V rose to the throne and incited the Third Macedonian War?
Perseus
At what city did Titus put down a Jewish rebellion during his father’s reign?
Jerusalem
Which emperor introduced the worship of a sun god from Emesa in Syria?
Elagabalus
By what name was the year of Caesar and Bibulus’ consulship jokingly referred to?
the consulship of Julius and Caesar
In what year was Sejanus executed for treason?
31 AD
Where was Cicero executed on December 7, 43 BC?
Formiae
What were the years of Nerva’s reign?
96-98 AD
In what year did the Cimbri & Teutones defeat the Romans at Arausio?
105 BC
What slave in a Capua gladiatorial school led a slave revolt against Rome from 73-71 BC?
Spartacus
What Roman general captured Corinth in 146 BC?
Mummius
Which emperor reigned from 180-192 AD?
Commodus
On which hill did Servius Tullius establish the cult of Diana?
Aventine Hill
