NPT1 Flashcards
What type of blood vessel is affected in subdural hemorrhage?
Venous
What type of blood vessel is affected is epidural hemorrhage?
Arterial
What type of hemorrhage presents slower because of the capacitance vessels which push blood only through blood volume?
Subdural Hemorrhage
What type of hemorrhage presents faster because of the vessels which push blood through high pressure?
Epidural Hemorrhage
ACA stroke affects upper extremities and face (True or False)
False (MCA affects upper extremities and face; ACA only affects UE)
C8 dermatome key point
Pinky finger
T1 dermatome key point
Medial epicondyle
C7 dermatome key point
Middle finger
T2 dermatome key point
Anterior fold of axilla
C5 dermatome key point
Lateral epicondyle
C6 dermatome key point
Thumb
Where does the spinothalamic tract decussate?
Spinal cord level
What is the normal chest expansion measurement?
1 to 3 inches
How long does it take for a nerve to regenerate?
1mm/day or 1in/month
What receptor is affected in Myasthenia Gravis?
Postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor
Which quadrant/s of the face does a supranuclear (Stroke) lesion of the CN7 affect?
Contralateral lower quadrant of the face
Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for coordination and fine motor movements?
Posterior lobe of the cerebellum
Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for muscle tone and posture?
Anterior lobe of the cerebellum
Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for balance and equilibrium?
Flocculomodular lobe
Is increased BP (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?
Sympathetic
Is a flushed face (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?
Parasympathetic
Is pupillary constriction (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?
Parasympathetic
Where does parasympathetic exit?
Craniosacral
Where does sympathetic exit?
Thoracolumbar
What is the effect of anti-histamine meds to the blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
Which branch of the median nerve exits before going through the carpal tunnel?
Palmar cutaneous sensory branch
Where is atrophy faster to develop (UE or LE)?
LE
What special test may be used for Pronator Teres impingement of median nerve?
Pinch grip test
What neurologic condition have both UMNL and LMNL signs?
ALS
What descending tracts are affected in an upper motor neuron lesion?
Corticospinal tract or Pyramidal tract
What is the most common feature of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?
Asymmetric ptosis
What is the cause of death in pt’s with ALS?
Respiratory failure
What is the histopathology seen in pt’s with ALS?
Bunina bodies
What is the usual presentation of ALS?
Focal asymmetric weakness
(+) Pathologic reflexes is indicative of what motor neuron disorder?
UMNL
What is the UMNL variant of ALS?
Primary Lateral Sclerosis
What blocks the presynaptic ACh release?
Botulinum toxin
What meds for MG is an AChE inhibitor that prevent hydrolysis of ACh?
Pyridostigmine
What is the LMNL variant of ALS?
Progressive Muscular Atrophy
What is the accumulation of Ca in presynaptic terminal which triggers ACh release?
LEMS
What has an increased ACh release with fast frequency repeated simulation?
Botulinum
What has limb/girdle pattern of weakness?
Myasthenia Gravis
True or False
The ff are in sequence of increasing autonomic dysfunction:
Myasthenia Gravis, LEMS, Botulinum Toxicity
True
What is the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm?
Nissl bodies
What is the anterograde degeneration distal to site of injury?
Wallerian degeneration
What is the leading cause of neuropathy in 3rd world countries?
Leprosy
What is the leading cause of neuropathy in 1st world countries?
Diabetes Mellitus
In an EMG & CS, what has normal amplitude and slow speed (loss of myelin sheath)?
Demyelinating conditions
In an EMG & CS, what has low amplitude and normal speed (intact myelin sheath)?
Axonal loss
What is the resting membrane potential of an axon?
-70mv
What is the most common infectious agent in GBS?
Campylobacter jejuni
What is the Charcot’s neurologic triad (seen in pt’s with late MS; cerebellar sx)
Ataxia, dysarthria and tremors
What is the most common classification of MS (85%)?
Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
What are the 4 classifications of MS? (in decreasing disability)
PRMS, SPMS, PPMS, RRMS
What is the imaging procedure of choice for MS?
Brain MRI
What is the surgical procedure of choice for PD?
Deep brain stimulation
What is the gold standard pharmacologic treatment for PD?
Levodopa/Carbidopa
Where are the initial sites of tangle deposition and atrophy in AD?
Hippocampus and medial temporal lobe
What findings can be seen in lumbar puncture in pt’s with AD?
Elevated levels of tau and phosphorylated tau and low amyloid levels in the CSF
Which spinal segments does the patellar reflex check?
L2-L4
The common peroneal nerve can be tested with which SLR test?
SLR4
What is true of Amytrophic lateral sclerosis ALS affectation?
It typically will eventually involve the brainstem, lateral corticospinal tract and anterior horn cell pathology
What is the most common side-effect of prolonged intake of Levodopa?
Movement disorders
The pathognomonic lesion of PD is the presence of
Lewy bodies
A simple testing for screening dementia is the __?
MMSE
The neurotransmitter that is most commonly targeted by medications for Alzheimer’s Disease AD?
Acetylcholine
Biceps reflex and Brachioradialis reflex checks which spinal segment?
C5-C6
Achilles tendon reflex checks which spinal segments?
S1-S2
Anterior cord syndrome presents with?
Affected pain and temp and motor loss
Intact proprioception
Brown sequard syndrome presents with?
Affected contralateral proprioception
Ipsilateral pain and temp loss
Root of Cranial VII Mnemonics
Sharon Cuneta Says Gabby Is Panget
Stylomastoid foramen, Chorda tympani, Stapedius mm, Geniculate ganglion, IAM, Pons
