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NEUROLOGIC AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS > NPT1 > Flashcards

NPT1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of blood vessel is affected in subdural hemorrhage?

A

Venous

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2
Q

What type of blood vessel is affected is epidural hemorrhage?

A

Arterial

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3
Q

What type of hemorrhage presents slower because of the capacitance vessels which push blood only through blood volume?

A

Subdural Hemorrhage

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4
Q

What type of hemorrhage presents faster because of the vessels which push blood through high pressure?

A

Epidural Hemorrhage

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5
Q

ACA stroke affects upper extremities and face (True or False)

A

False (MCA affects upper extremities and face; ACA only affects UE)

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6
Q

C8 dermatome key point

A

Pinky finger

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7
Q

T1 dermatome key point

A

Medial epicondyle

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8
Q

C7 dermatome key point

A

Middle finger

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9
Q

T2 dermatome key point

A

Anterior fold of axilla

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10
Q

C5 dermatome key point

A

Lateral epicondyle

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11
Q

C6 dermatome key point

A

Thumb

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12
Q

Where does the spinothalamic tract decussate?

A

Spinal cord level

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13
Q

What is the normal chest expansion measurement?

A

1 to 3 inches

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14
Q

How long does it take for a nerve to regenerate?

A

1mm/day or 1in/month

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15
Q

What receptor is affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor

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16
Q

Which quadrant/s of the face does a supranuclear (Stroke) lesion of the CN7 affect?

A

Contralateral lower quadrant of the face

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17
Q

Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for coordination and fine motor movements?

A

Posterior lobe of the cerebellum

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18
Q

Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for muscle tone and posture?

A

Anterior lobe of the cerebellum

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19
Q

Which lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for balance and equilibrium?

A

Flocculomodular lobe

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20
Q

Is increased BP (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Is a flushed face (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?

A

Parasympathetic

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22
Q

Is pupillary constriction (sympathetic or parasympathetic)?

A

Parasympathetic

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23
Q

Where does parasympathetic exit?

A

Craniosacral

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24
Q

Where does sympathetic exit?

A

Thoracolumbar

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25
Q

What is the effect of anti-histamine meds to the blood vessels?

A

Vasoconstriction

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26
Q

Which branch of the median nerve exits before going through the carpal tunnel?

A

Palmar cutaneous sensory branch

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27
Q

Where is atrophy faster to develop (UE or LE)?

A

LE

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28
Q

What special test may be used for Pronator Teres impingement of median nerve?

A

Pinch grip test

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29
Q

What neurologic condition have both UMNL and LMNL signs?

A

ALS

30
Q

What descending tracts are affected in an upper motor neuron lesion?

A

Corticospinal tract or Pyramidal tract

31
Q

What is the most common feature of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

A

Asymmetric ptosis

32
Q

What is the cause of death in pt’s with ALS?

A

Respiratory failure

33
Q

What is the histopathology seen in pt’s with ALS?

A

Bunina bodies

34
Q

What is the usual presentation of ALS?

A

Focal asymmetric weakness

35
Q

(+) Pathologic reflexes is indicative of what motor neuron disorder?

A

UMNL

36
Q

What is the UMNL variant of ALS?

A

Primary Lateral Sclerosis

37
Q

What blocks the presynaptic ACh release?

A

Botulinum toxin

38
Q

What meds for MG is an AChE inhibitor that prevent hydrolysis of ACh?

A

Pyridostigmine

39
Q

What is the LMNL variant of ALS?

A

Progressive Muscular Atrophy

40
Q

What is the accumulation of Ca in presynaptic terminal which triggers ACh release?

A

LEMS

41
Q

What has an increased ACh release with fast frequency repeated simulation?

A

Botulinum

42
Q

What has limb/girdle pattern of weakness?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

43
Q

True or False
The ff are in sequence of increasing autonomic dysfunction:

Myasthenia Gravis, LEMS, Botulinum Toxicity

A

True

44
Q

What is the main site of protein synthesis in the neuronal cytoplasm?

A

Nissl bodies

45
Q

What is the anterograde degeneration distal to site of injury?

A

Wallerian degeneration

46
Q

What is the leading cause of neuropathy in 3rd world countries?

A

Leprosy

47
Q

What is the leading cause of neuropathy in 1st world countries?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

48
Q

In an EMG & CS, what has normal amplitude and slow speed (loss of myelin sheath)?

A

Demyelinating conditions

49
Q

In an EMG & CS, what has low amplitude and normal speed (intact myelin sheath)?

A

Axonal loss

50
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of an axon?

A

-70mv

51
Q

What is the most common infectious agent in GBS?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

52
Q

What is the Charcot’s neurologic triad (seen in pt’s with late MS; cerebellar sx)

A

Ataxia, dysarthria and tremors

53
Q

What is the most common classification of MS (85%)?

A

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

54
Q

What are the 4 classifications of MS? (in decreasing disability)

A

PRMS, SPMS, PPMS, RRMS

55
Q

What is the imaging procedure of choice for MS?

A

Brain MRI

56
Q

What is the surgical procedure of choice for PD?

A

Deep brain stimulation

57
Q

What is the gold standard pharmacologic treatment for PD?

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa

58
Q

Where are the initial sites of tangle deposition and atrophy in AD?

A

Hippocampus and medial temporal lobe

59
Q

What findings can be seen in lumbar puncture in pt’s with AD?

A

Elevated levels of tau and phosphorylated tau and low amyloid levels in the CSF

60
Q

Which spinal segments does the patellar reflex check?

A

L2-L4

61
Q

The common peroneal nerve can be tested with which SLR test?

A

SLR4

62
Q

What is true of Amytrophic lateral sclerosis ALS affectation?

A

It typically will eventually involve the brainstem, lateral corticospinal tract and anterior horn cell pathology

63
Q

What is the most common side-effect of prolonged intake of Levodopa?

A

Movement disorders

64
Q

The pathognomonic lesion of PD is the presence of

A

Lewy bodies

65
Q

A simple testing for screening dementia is the __?

A

MMSE

66
Q

The neurotransmitter that is most commonly targeted by medications for Alzheimer’s Disease AD?

A

Acetylcholine

67
Q

Biceps reflex and Brachioradialis reflex checks which spinal segment?

A

C5-C6

68
Q

Achilles tendon reflex checks which spinal segments?

A

S1-S2

69
Q

Anterior cord syndrome presents with?

A

Affected pain and temp and motor loss

Intact proprioception

70
Q

Brown sequard syndrome presents with?

A

Affected contralateral proprioception

Ipsilateral pain and temp loss

71
Q

Root of Cranial VII Mnemonics

A

Sharon Cuneta Says Gabby Is Panget

Stylomastoid foramen, Chorda tympani, Stapedius mm, Geniculate ganglion, IAM, Pons

NEUROLOGIC AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS (2 decks)

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