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NEUROLOGIC AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS > NEUROLOGIC > Flashcards

NEUROLOGIC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dermatome of the tip of the thumb?

A

C6 dermatome

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2
Q

What type of neurologic condition is from anterior horn cell above?

A

UMNL

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3
Q

Does Parkinson’s Disease have UMNL signs?

A

No

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4
Q

In the Hoehn and Yahr Classification, what stage is “All sx present and severe. Standing and walking possible with assistance”?

A

Stage 4

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5
Q

In the Hoehn and Yahr Classification, what stage is “Minimal bilateral or midline movement. Balance is not impaired.”

A

Stage 2

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter is lacking in PD?

A

Dopamine

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7
Q

What are the 4 cardinal features of Parkinson’s Disease?

A

rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability

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8
Q

What term refers to end-of-dose deterioration, a worsening of symptoms toward the end of the expected timeframe of medication effectiveness?

A

Wearing-off

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9
Q

Is there a single definitive test or group of tests used to diagnose PD?

A

No

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10
Q

What term refers to “masked” facial expression, a reduction in facial expressiveness?

A

Hypomimia

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11
Q

What is the triad of Bacterial Meningits?

A

Headache, fever and neck stiffness

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12
Q

What is the most specific part affected in PD?

A

Pars compacta in Substancia Nigra (Basal Ganglia)

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13
Q

Which Broddman’s area is in the precentral gyrus?

A

3, 1, 2

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14
Q

What is the most common site of occlusion in stroke?

A

MCA

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15
Q

__________ lobe ischemia results in amnesia (memory loss).

A

Temporal lobe ischemia results in amnesia (memory loss).

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16
Q

A pt c myelomeningocele aims to become a community ambulator. What are the 4 criterias for potential community amb?

A
  • 1000 yards non-stop amb
  • Don and doff orthosis indep
  • All ADLs c braces on all day
  • Can do stair negotiation
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17
Q

What muscles are intact with mid lumbar level Myelomeningocele?

A

L3 = Knee extensors

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18
Q

How many months in gross milestones can a child amb?

A

10-18 mos.

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19
Q

How many months in gross milestones can a child stand?

A

7-9 mos.

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20
Q

What is the usual pre amb orthosis used fro pt’s c thoracic level and upper lumbar level myelomeningocele?

A

Reciprocating gait orthosis RGO

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21
Q

What muscles to be tested for L4 myotome?

A

Ankle dorsiflexors

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22
Q

What myotome is the muscle for ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1

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23
Q

What muscles to be tested for S2 myotome?

A

Knee flexors

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24
Q

What type of ambulators are pt’s c Myelomeningocele T12-L2?

A

Household ambulators; difficulty in stair negotiations

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25
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system arises from what spinal division?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system arises from Craniosacral division

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26
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors

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27
Q

Among the cranial nerves related in parasympathetic nervous system which does not have a cranial nerve ganglia and why?

A

CN X is the longest CN based on extracranial course; does not need ganglia since it is already long

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28
Q

What are the cranial nerves related in parasympathetic nervous system?

A

CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

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29
Q

What are the ganglias related with CN VII?

A

Pterygopalatine, submandibular and sublingual ganglia

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30
Q

What is the sympathetic effect on the detrusor muscle and sphincter?

A

Detrusor muscle is relaxed while sphincter is contracted

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31
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect on the lungs?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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32
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect and sympathetic effect on the genitalia of the male and female?

A

Ejaculation in males and Emission in females (Sympa)

Erection in males and Lubrication in females (Para)

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33
Q

If a pt has a long thoracic nerve palsy what direction of scapular winging does the pt have?

A

Medial scapular winging (Serratus ant. palsy)

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34
Q

How many extensors tunnels are there?

Enumerate the extensors mm per tunnel.

A 
1 = APL, EPB
2 = ECRL, ECRB
3 = EPL
4 = EDC, EIP
5 = EDM
6 = ECU
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35
Q

What is the “mobile wad of 3” in Lateral epicondylitis?

A

Brachioradialis, ECRL and ECRB

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36
Q

What is the last mm innervated by the radial nerve?

A

EIP

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37
Q

What is the innervation of Teres Major and Subscapularis

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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38
Q

What is the innervation of Deltoids and Teres Minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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39
Q

What are the muscles innervated by Posterior Interosseus nerve?

A

APL, EPB, EPL, EIP

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40
Q

What is the innervation of ECRL, ECRB?

A

Radial nerve

41
Q

What medical condition do you call when there is unequal pupil size?

A

Anisocoria

42
Q

What cranial nerve is affected c Anisocoria?

A

CN III

43
Q

What cranial nerve is affected in a pt c (+) Vertical diplopia?

A

CN IV

44
Q

What are the muscles being innervated by the CN V?

A

Tensor tympani, Temporalis, Internal/ Medial pterygoid, Masseter, External/Lateral pterygoid

45
Q

What quadrant/s of the face have dual innervations?

A

2nd and 3rd quadrant

46
Q

What quadrant of the face are affected with R CVA?

A

4th quadrant (L Lower quadrant)

47
Q

What quadrant/s of the face are affected with Myasthenia Gravis?

A

1, 2, 3, 4

48
Q

What is most likely the case of a pt. who has Bifacial Palsy with Internal Strabismus?

A

Mobius Syndrome

49
Q

What are the related sensation functions of CN IX?

A

Sensation of the external ear, post. 1/3 of the tongue, uvula (gag reflex)

50
Q

What are the related motor functions of CN IX?

A

Muscles of the pharynx and larynx, stylopharyngeus mm (swallowing), Salivation

51
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the CN X?

A

Cardiac inhibition (vasovagal reflex), Bronchoconstriction, Inc. GIT motility

52
Q

What are the related motor functions and muscle innervations of CN X?

A

Tensor veli palatini (uvula mm.), palatoglossus (tongue mm.), swallowing

53
Q

Case: If the pt. has R CVA, what uvular side will be paralyzed?

A

L side of the uvula is paralyzed; uvula would deviate towards the R lesion away from the hemiplegic side

54
Q

Case: if the pt. has L vagal palsy, what uvular side will be paralyzed?

A

L side of the uvula is paralyzed; uvula would deviate away from the lesion (R)

55
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the CN XI?

A

Innervates the SCM and the trapezius mm

56
Q

If there is a lateral winging of scapula, which muscle would compensate for the major loss of function of the traps muscle fiber function?

A

Serratus anterior (scapular abduction & upward rotation)

57
Q

If there is a medial winging of scapula, which muscle would compensate for the horizontal forward reach?

A

Pectoralis major

58
Q

If there is winging of the Serratus anterior, the ___ would then compensate.

A

Trapezius mm

59
Q

What is the synergistic action of the upper fibers of the traps and levator scapulae?

A

Scapular elevation

60
Q

What is the antagonistic action of the upper fibers and lower fibers of the traps?

A

Upper fibers: Elevation

Lower fibers: Depression

61
Q

What is the antagonistic action of the upper fibers of the traps and levator scapulae?

A

Upper fibers: Upwardly rotate

Levator scapulae: Downwardly rotate

62
Q

What is the innervation of the Rhomboids and the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

63
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the CN XII?

A

Intrinsic mm of the tongue (Vertical, transverse, longitudinal fibers) and extrinsic mm of the tongue (Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus)

64
Q

Case: If the pt. has R CVA, what tongue side will be paralyzed?

A

L side of the tongue would be paralyzed

65
Q

In a pt c R CVA and L side of tongue is paralyzed where will the tongue deviate towards?

A

Tongue would deviate towards the L (towards the affected hemiplegic side; since it’s converging)

66
Q

What is the most dangerous layer of the scalp?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue layer

67
Q

What causes the risk of infection of the emissary veins in the loose areolar connective tissue layer?

A

Centripetal flow (emissary veins to SSS, IJV to SVC)

68
Q

Which mater/ membrane of brain nutrition and blood supply (good perfusion)?

A

Pia mater

69
Q

What is the Cushing’s triad of increased ICP

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respiration

70
Q

What is the normal CSF volume in an adult?

A

90-150 mL

71
Q

What is the normal CSF pressure in an adult?

A

90-180 mmH20

72
Q

What is the normal CSF volume in a child?

A

60-100 mL

73
Q

What is the normal CSF pressure in a child?

A

10-100 mmH20

74
Q

What is the triad of hydrocephalus?

A

Dementia, ataxia, incontinence

75
Q

What type of shunt will a pt receive of a pt c hydrocephalus who has no heart problems?

A

Ventriculoatrial VA shunt

76
Q

Where will the CSF of a VP shunt be directed?

A

GI (Peritoneum)

77
Q

What do you call the signs associated with basal skull fracture?

A

Racoon eyes sign and Battle sign

78
Q

What is another term for the primitive hind brain?

A

Rhombencephalon

79
Q

Where will you find the regulation of Hering-Breuer reflex?

A

Pneumotaxic respiratory center in the Upper Pons

80
Q

Which is more severe and has a poorer prognosis (Decerebrate posturing/ Decorticate posturing)?

A

Decerebrate posturing

81
Q

True or False. The fibers in the cerebellum do not decussate.

A

True

82
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for muscle tone?

A

Anterior lobe of the cerebellum/ Paleocerebellum

83
Q

What lobe of the cerebellum is responsible for equilibrium?

A

Flocculonodular lobe/ Archicerebellum

84
Q

In a pt c decorticate posturing where is the lesion located?

A

Corticospinal tract and thalamus

85
Q

What is the Charcot’s triad of Multiple Sclerosis?

A

SIN

Scanning speech, Intentional tremor (movement tremor), Nystagmus (vertical and pendular)

86
Q

What do you call the difficulty in performing rapidly alternating movements?

A

Dysdiachokinesia

87
Q

What do you call the inability to maintain limb pos. after resistance have been removed?

A

Rebound phenomenon

88
Q

What type of posturing can be seen in a pt. c TBI (Decerebrate posturing/ Decorticate posturing)?

A

Decerebrate posturing

89
Q

What do you call the syndrome which refers to the Paralysis of the upwards gaze (Vertical gaze center affectation)?

A

Parinaud’s syndrome

90
Q

What hormone is responsible for the production of milk?

A

Prolactin

91
Q

What hormone is associated with the release of progesterone for ovulation?

A

Luteinizing hormone LH

92
Q

What are the roles of the limbic lobe?

A

Emotional behavior, memory and sexual drive

93
Q

Which hemisphere is generally the dominant hemisphere?

A

Left hemisphere

94
Q

If a pt has Broca’s aphasia what type of questions should you ask the pt?

A

Close-ended questions answered by yes or no

95
Q

What is the BA 39 (Angular gyrus) responsible for?

A

Reading and writing

96
Q

What BA functions as a sensory motor collaborator/ sensory motor integrated area?

A

BA 40 (Supramarginal gyrus)

97
Q

What BA is known as the sensory association area?

A

BA 5 and 7

98
Q

Is dopamine an inhibitory neurotransmitter or excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter

99
Q

Case: A lesion in the optic chiasm will lead to what vision problem?

A

Bitemporal heteronomous hemianopsia (lesion at the decussation)

NEUROLOGIC AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS (2 decks)

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