November Mocks Flashcards
Mitosis differences as opposed to meiosis
Produces genetically identical daughter cells
Produces two cells
Involves one division
Produces diploid chromosome number in humans
Describe the steps of mitosis
1.The cell grows
2.The DNA replicate and join at the center of the cell
3. The chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell.
4. The cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
Describe steps for meiosis
The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
The nuclear membrane breaks down. The homologous pairs of chromosomes join together.
3.
The homologous pairs of chromosomes exchange sections of DNA.
4.
The homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell. The cell divides.
5.
The chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell, attached to the spindle fibres. The
chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Each cell divides again.
FSH- gland , effect,
Pituitary gland,
eggs matures and follice develops,
Oestrogen- gland, effect,
Ovary,
inhibits FSH production,
LH- gland, effect,
pituitary gland,
follicle releases ovum into oviduct+follicle turns into corpus luteum,
Progesterone -gland, effect
Ovary,
FSH and LH inhibited+ uterus lining maintained,
Plants- cell wall and storage
Cellulose cell wall
Carbohydrates stored as starch
Animals- cell wall and storage
No cell wall
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Fungi- Cell wall and storage
Chitin cell wall
Carbohydrates stored as glycogen
Osmosis definition
Osmosis is the diffusion of molecules from an
area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane
Active Transport definition
Active Transport is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using ATP
What are nitrate ions useful for
Building amino acids
Xylem structure
Made up of thick walled dead
cells which contain no cytoplasm -
they are completely hollow and
arranged end to end
End wall are broken down
Phloem structure
Consists of living cells.
Tubes are formed by cells
arranged end to end but have
cell walls made of cellulose.
Functions of transpiration
To maintain Turgor pressure
To transport mineral ions
To cool the plant
neurons timeline
stimulus to receptor
receptors to sensory neuron
sensory neuron to brain
brain to relay neuron
relay neuron to motor neuron
motor neuron to effector
Describe the process that occurs in the eye when looking at an object far away
- Relaxes ciliary muscles
- So the suspension ligament is pulled tight
- So the lenses are stretched thin
- So there is less light refraction (light rays are parallel so no need for high refraction)
Describe the process that occurs in the eye when looking at an object close up
- contracts ciliary muscles
- So the suspension ligament is slacker
- So the lenses are thicker
- So there is more light refraction (light rays come at a wide angle so high refraction needed)
Insulin- gland and function
Pancreas- manages blood sugar levels by conversions of glucose into glycogen
ADH- gland and function
Pituitary gland- ADH is released when water levels are low for more reabsorbation in the PCT and loop of Henle
Hydrogen Carbonate indicator
Co2 presence means it will turn yellow. A lack of it means it turns purple.
Photosynthesis starch test
Boil the leaf in ethanol, to remove chlorophyll.
Add drops of iodine.
Blue/Black color indicates Starch presence.
How is the response to a shoot of light controlled
Auxin is produced at the tip of the shoot
Auxin diffuses down the shaded side of the shoot
Auxin produces cell elongation
So the cell bends towards the light ]
