November Mocks Flashcards
give the crude oil fractions in order
refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen
catalyst and tempurature for cracking reaction
aluminum oxide
650 c
why are cracking reactions important
creates more useful shorter alkanes
creates alkanes for use in polymers
hydrocarbon definition
a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
incomplete combusion products
water
carbon monoxide
general formula for aklanes
CnH2n+2 (2 and n’s are small)
unsaturated definition
contains a double carbon bond
hydrocarbon unsaturated test
bromine water orange to colourless
alkane
a saturated hydrocarbon
homologous series
a group of compounds with the same functional group, showing a trend in physical properties
why are long chain hydrocarbons cracked
they are more useful in short chain form
long chains are in low demand
hydrocarbon reaction name
addition
isomer definition
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
polymer definition
a long chain molecule
formed from repeating units
molecular formula
the number and type of atoms in a molecule
empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of element in a molecule
test for water
anhydrous copper(2) sulpphate turns from white to blue
ionic bonding
the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
what kinda structure do ionic compounds contain
giant ionic lattice
concentration=
concentration=moles/volume(dm3)
moles1=
moles1=mass/rfm
moles2=
moles2=volume(dm3)/24
Diamond- structure and breaking
notes- same as Silicon Dioxide
Structure:
Tetrahedral
Grid-like arrangement
Breaking:
Strong Covalent bonds
Lots of bonds in the lattice
Lots of energy is required to break all the bonds
Graphite- structure and bonding
Structure:
Layers of carbon atoms
Weak IMF’s between layers
Delocalised electrons
Breaking:
Strong Covalent bonds
Lots of bonds in the lattice
Lots of energy is required to break all the bonds
collision theory tempurature
particles have more kinetic energy
the percentage of collisions with energy above activation energy is higher
more successful collisions per unit time
collision theory catalysts
provide an alternate route with lower activation energy
the percentage of collisions with energy above activation energy is higher
so there are more successful collision per unit time
collision theory- surface area
more solid is exposed to other particles
so collision frequency is higher
so there are more collisions per unit time
collision theory- concentration
there are more particles per unit volume
so the collision frequency is higher
so there are more successful collision per unit time
chromatography practical steps (4)
draw a start line in pencil
place samples on the start line
place the paper in the beaker with the start line above the solvent
stop the experiment when the food colouring (spots) stop moving
What are the problems with impurities in crude oil
Sulphur dioxide is produced
It dissolves into rainwater
Which forms acid rain
What to do if you are asked to give the “polymerisation equation”
turn the double C bond into a single C bond
enthalpy change =
energy (kj)/ moles
draw the repeating unit?
take the double bond and draw brackets around the unit with a small “n”
polyethene use
shopping bag
polypropene use
climbing ropes
polychloroethene use
wire insulation
polytetrafloroethene use
non stick coating
how to conduct a flame test
dip nichrome wire into hcl to clean it of any acid
dip it into the solution you are testing
put into a non luminous bunsen flame
all flame test results
Red Flame - Li+
Yellow Flame - Na-
Lilac flame - K+
Orange flame- Ca2+
Blue-Green - Cu2+
ammonium test
add sodium hydroxide
red litmus paper turns blue
Methane n number for general formula
1
Ethane n number for general formula
2
Propane n number for general formula
3
Butane n number for general formula
4
Gas moles eq
gas volume/ molar volume
