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Chemistry Edexcel > 3rd Form > Flashcards

3rd Form Flashcards

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1
Q

What is filtration?

A

Filtration is using filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid. The substance left in the paper is called the residue, and the liquid that comes through is called the filtrate

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2
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Crystallisation is used to separate a solute from a solution. It can be sped up by adding a thermal source underneath (eg a bunsen burner)

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3
Q

What is distillation?

A

Distillation is used to separate the components of a solution. We can use distillation to collect the water we would lose during crytillisation with a condenser

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4
Q

What is the test for water?

A

Anhydrous copper(II) sulphate: turns from white to blue

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5
Q

Properties of metals:

A

High mp/bp
Malleable
Electrical conductors

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6
Q

Diatomic elements

A
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7
Q

How do you illustrate diffusion of gases?

A

Ammonium chloride tube: Ammonium on one side, hydrogen chloride on another, when they bond they form a white ring of gas

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8
Q

Define an isotope

A

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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9
Q

What is oxidisation

A

The loss of electrons

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10
Q

What is reduction

A

The gain of electrons

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11
Q

What is the structure of an ionic compound?

A

Giant ionic lattice

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12
Q

Define ionic bonding

A

ionic bondingis the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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13
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

A

Ionic bonds are very strong (1 mark)
In a giant ionic lattice there a lots of ionic bonds ( 1 mark)
So lots of energy is needed to break those bonds ( 1 mark)

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14
Q

Why can ionic solids not conduct electricity

A
  1. Electrical conductivity requires particles that can move freely
  2. In an ionic solid there are no free particles, so the ions can’t move freely
    (vice versa for liquid)
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15
Q

Methyl Orange indicator colours

A

Acid: Red
Neutral: Yellow
Alkaline: Yellow

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16
Q

Phenolphthalien indicator colours

A

Acid: Colourless
Neutral: Colourless
Alkaline: Pink

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17
Q

Red litmus indicator colour

A

Acid: Red
Neutral: Red
Alkaline: Blue

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18
Q

Blue litmus indicator colours

A

Acid: Red
Neutral: Blue
Alkaline: Blue

19
Q

Universal indicator colour:

A

Acid: Red/ Orange/Yellow depending on strengh
Neutral: Green
Alkaline: Light Blue/ Dark Blue/ Purple depending on strengh

20
Q

Name the 4 main gases in the atmosphere and their approximate percentage in the air

A

Nitrogen: 78
Oxygen: 21
Argon: 0.96
Carbon dioxide: 0.04

21
Q

Test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint relights

22
Q

What ph solutions do metal oxides form? What ph solutiona do non-metal oxides form?

A

Metal oxides form alkaline solutions
Non-metal dioxides form acidic solutions

23
Q

Define an acid, base, and alkali

A

Acid: H+ donor
Base: H+ acceptor
Alkali: OH- donor

24
Q

Acid+Base to ?+?

A

Acid+Base to Salt and Water
Reactions: Base disappears

25
Q

Acid+Carbonate to ?+?+?

A

Acid + Carbonate→Salt + Water+ Carbon dioxide
Reactions: Carbonate disappears
Effervesence

26
Q

Test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater- if co2 is present, the limewater turns cloudy

27
Q

What are the two main components of a metallic structure

A

1.A lattice of positive metal ions.
2.A sea of delocalizedelectrons.

28
Q

Define metallic bonding:

A

Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metalions and the negative delocalized electrons.

29
Q

Why do metals have high melting points?

A

Because the metallic bonding is usually very strong……so lots of energy is needed to break it.

30
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity?

A

Because the delocalized electrons are free to move through the lattice.

31
Q

Why are metals malleable

A

Because the layers of metal ions can slide over each other.

32
Q

Metal Carbonate to ?+? (reaction occurs with application of heat energy)

A

Metal carbonate →Metal oxide + Carbon dioxide
Reactions: Colour Change? idk

33
Q

Metal+Water to ?+?

A

Metal + Water →Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Effervesence
Solid Disappears

34
Q

Metal+Steam to ?+?

A

Metal + Steam→Metal oxide+ Hydrogen

35
Q

Acid+Metal to ?+?

A

Acid + Metal →Salt + Hydrogen
Metal disappears
Fizzing/ effervesence

36
Q

Reactivity series from highest reactivity to lowest:

A

K
Na
Li
Ca
Mg
Al
C
Zn
Fe
Pb
H
Cu
Ag
Au

37
Q

Test for hydrogen

A

Lit spint- squeaky pop

38
Q

Observations of a displacments reaction

A

Solid colour change (Or/and) Solution colour change

39
Q

Describe the two ways to extract Ores

A
  1. Electricity
    Ores are broken apart with electricity and the elements are extracted individually.
  2. Carbon
    Metals/Ores less reactive than carbon are displaced by it. They are then extracted as sole elements.
40
Q

What is reduction and oxidisation in terms of oxygen

A

Reduction: The loss of oxygen
Oxidisation: The gain of oxygen
(Reduction and oxidisation have 2 different meanings, in terms of electrons it is the other way around eg reductions gains electrons and oxidisations loses electrons).

41
Q

What is a redox reduction

A

Redox = reduction and oxidation in the same reaction

42
Q

What is the chemical name for rust

A

hydrated iron(III)oxide

43
Q

What is the barrier method and how does it work?

A

Coating iron with a layer of lastic, oil or paint to stop it coming into contact with oxygen and water.

44
Q

What is sacrifical protection and how does it work?

A

Placing a block of a more reactive metal near the Iron to displace the Iron from the rust as soon as it forms

Chemistry Edexcel (5 decks)

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