Nov Mock Flashcards
Give 3 characteristics of a pancake
-thin
-round
-flat
Why is a thick batter needed when making battered fish?
-adds flavour
-keeps in moisture
-adds texture
Name 3 animal milks
-goat
-cow
-sheep
Name 1 non-dairy milk
-oat
-almond
-soya
Give 3 signs of milk spoilage
-sour smell
-lumpy texture
-unpleasant taste
What percentage of fat content does whole milk have?
3.9% per 100g
What percentage of fat content does skimmed milk have?
0-0.5% per 100g
Whole milk is higher in…
fat and calories
The fat in skimmed milk is…
removed during processing
What nutrients do pre school children require?
-calcium
-protein
-fats
-vitamin D
What nutrients are in milk?
-calcium
-vitamin D
-phosphorus
-vitamin A
-protein
Importance of milk for children: Calcium, Vit D and Phosphorus?
bone and teeth development
Importance of milk for children: Vitamin A?
healthy eyesight
Importance of milk for children: Protein?
-growth, repair, replacement
-secondary source of energy
State 3 rules when storing eggs
-place eggs point side down
-room temp (20C) or fridge
-dry area
What is the lion mark?
proves eggs are vaccinated against salmonella
What are the benefits of the lion mark?
-reduces health defects of consumer (e.g. salmonella)
-higher quality standard
What temperature does egg white coagulate?
60C
What happens when egg white is coagulated?
-proteins denature
-white becomes firm
-solidification
Why does the yolk remain partially liquid when an egg is poached?
has a higher coagulation temperature - 70C
Temperature increase makes eggs…
safe to eat - harmful bacteria is killed
Give 2 macronutrients
-protein
-carbohydrate
Vitamins and minerals are examples of…
micro and macronutrients
Give 3 methods of cooking potatoes
-roasting
-frying
-boiling
Give 2 changes to vegetables during cooking
-nutritional value depletes (water soluble vitamins lost)
-softens texture
Give 3 examples of tropical fruit
-mango
-guava
-passion fruit
Give 2 examples of root vegetables
-carrots
-parsnips
Importance of fruit and veg: Vitamin A
eyesight - carrots, broccoli
Importance of fruit and veg: Vitamin C
absorption of iron - oranges, strawberries
Importance of fruit and veg: Magnesium
healthy bones and teeth - avocados, bananas
Importance of fruit and veg: Disease prevention
-balances diet
-antioxidants (e.g. in blueberries) prevent diseases (e.g. chronic fatigue)
Importance of fruit and veg: Water content
prevents dehydration
Importance of fruit and veg: low calorific value
prevents weight gain
Name 2 fats
-butter
-lard
Name 2 oils
-olive oil
-vegetable oil
What is the difference between fats and oils?
-fats are solid at room temp
-oils are liquid at room temp
-fats come from animal sources
-oils come from plant sources
How to reduce fat content: cooking method
-baking
-grilling
-steaming
(instead of frying)
How to reduce fat content: substitutes
-low fat natural yoghurt
-skimmed milk
-reduced fat cheese
(instead of high fat content products)
How to reduce fat content: lifestyle
-reduce portion sizes
-check labelling
-trim off visible fats
Give 2 allergies
-peanuts
-sesame seeds
Give 3 symptoms of an allergic reaction
-diarrhoea
-trouble breathing
How does food labelling help people with allergies?
-allergy warnings
-bold font
-ingredients list
Culture affecting food choice: Christianity
Festive Celebrations
-Easter (roast lamb, fish on Good Friday)
-Christmas (hot cross buns)
-Lent
-Shrove Tuesday
Culture affecting food choice: Orthodox Hindus
-vegetarians (immoral to kill animals)
-bread products (puri, chapatis)
-combines pulses and cereals for protein
Culture affecting food choice: Lifestyle
-ready meals, microwavable meals (convenience)
-processed foods (accessible)
Culture affecting food choice: Local/ Seasonal
-support local farmers
-berries in summer, Brussel sprouts in winter (Christmas)
3 factors affecting food choice
-cost
-allergies
-where someone lives
One primary stage of food processing
harvesting
What is meant by the term secondary food processing?
the processing of raw materials into edible food products
Why is animal protein expensive?
-time consuming (for animals to reach maturity)
-takes up more land than crops
-highwater usage
-require plant based feeds
Why is plant protein cheaper than animal protein?
-shorter production time (can be planted and harvested in the same season)
-requires less land
-uses less water
-suitable climate (good growth)
Preservation advantages: Canning
-extends storage life
-sterile until opened
-recyclable packaging
Preservation advantages: Drying
-easy/ accessible
-intensifies flavours
Preservation advantages: Jams
-versatile
-sugar content acts as a natural preservative (increases shelf life)
-easy
Preservation advantages: Pickling
-extends storage life up to months
-cheap
Preservation disadvantages: Drying
-time consuming
Preservation disadvantages: Jams
-nutrients lost through heating
Preservation disadvantages: Pickling
-high salt levels are unhealthy
