Notifiable Diseases Flashcards
What is a notifiable disease
Any disease named in section 88 of animal health act 1981 OR in an order made under the Animal health Act 1981
Must be reported within 48 hrs of discovery
We have different orders that are notifiable diseases what are they related to?
- Orders related to a single disease e.g. foot and mouth order
- Orders related to a species e.g. infectious diseases of horses order
- Orders Related to a specific list e.g. the specified diseases order
Notifable disease… what do you do?
Report to Animal and Plant Health Agency within 48 hrs
Why do we make diseases notifiable?
many……
- To prevent the introduction of specified diseases into Great Britain
- To eradicate, control or prevent the spread of specified diseases of economic, animal health, animal welfare, or public health importance
endemic – already present in the UK, such as bovine TB - public health significance
- economic impact
- International Trade Impact
- Animal welfare impact e.g. rabies
- To collect info
- To confirm Absence
- To Detect Quickly
- To control as part of compulsory disease control programme by state
- To facilitate international trade
- To prevent risks to the public
Endemic notifiable diseases in cattle in UK
Tuberculosis
Anthrax
BSE
Endemic notifiable diseases in sheep in UK
Anthrax
Scrapie
Sheep scab (scotland)
Endemic notifiable diseases in pigs
Anthrax
Notifiable diseases in poultry
- Newcastle disease
- Avian Influenza- Low Path, High Path
- Pigeon Paramyxovirus
Notifiable diseases in horses
- African Horse Sickness (Never)
- Contagious Equine Metritis (4/20)
- Dourine (Never)
- Epizootic Lymphangitis (1906)
- Equine Infectious Anaemia (10/12)
- Equine Viral Arteritis (05/19)
- Equine Viral Encephalomyelitis (Never)
- Glanders and Farcy (1928)
- Rabies (1970)
- Vesicular Stomatitis (Never)
- West Nile Fever (Never)
N D in deer
- Tuberculosis
- Epizootic Haemorrhagic disease
- Rabies
- Warble Fly
- Anthrax
- FMD
- Chronic wasting disease
When do you have to notify TB?
- Requirement to notify suspected disease in bovines or deer
- Requirement to notify suspected disease in a carcase of any bovine animal or other farmed or pet mammal;
- Requirement to notify presence of the organism M. bovis which is identified by a laboratory examination of a sample taken from any mammal (except man) or from the carcase, products or surroundings of any such mammal,
What are the 7 points for Critical Success Factors for controlling notifiable diseases
Critical Success Factors for controlling notifiable diseases
- Knowledge of the epidemiology and ecology of the organism
- Means of identifying infected animals
- Ability to eliminate the pathogen once identified
- Ability to stop reintroduction of the pathogen onto premises
- Cooperation of all sectors of the industry
- Financial Resources
- Infrastructure
What makes a disease not notifiable e.g. lameness in cattle?
- Multifactorial- would make definitive diagnosis difficult, so confirming eradication would be impossible
- No international agreement on diagnostic criteria
- V prevalent, making costs excessive
- Not zoonotic
How are notifiable diseases controlled?
First decide on whether need a reduction in the level of contamination of the organism or complete elimination of it.
Then a combo of one or more..... 1. Minimise Contact – Movement controls, Farm, protection and surveillance zones. – Slaughter of individual animals (BSE) – Selective slaughter of affected animals or groups (TB) – Whole herd slaughter (FMD, TB) – Biosecurity 2. Vaccination (bluetongue) 3. Treatment (Warble Fly)
Control Procedures
What you need to do as a vet adn suspicious of ND
Reporting suspicion of disease
• Be aware of the notifiable diseases that can affect the types of animals you regularly see
• Make sure you have contact details for APHA in the area you work in. This includes out of hours numbers
• Make that decision: you are with the animal, and if you cannot decide, APHA can help.
What should you do if deffo a ND
- Notify the Duty Vet at the nearest APHA office
- Be sure you have a record of the phone number: in some cases, there are different numbers for office hours and evenings/weekends
- Stay on the farm; don’t spread disease
- Have clear information ready as you make your call.
ND in england, who do you report to?
legally obliged to report this to APHA on the Defra Rural Services Helpline (03000 200 301), selecting APHA and then option 1 to report disease. Put through to the duty VO
Diff between reportable and notifable
Reportable diseases are diseases that must be reported immediately, as soon as identified. Notifiable diseases are diseases that must be brought to the attention of ISDA within 48 hours of discovery.
Diff between reportable and notifable
Reportable diseases are diseases where there is a staturtory requiremnet to report laborotory confirmed isolations of organisms immediately, as soon as identified.
e.g. cows with diarrhoea don’t need to be reported but sample and salmonella present must be reported.
Notifiable diseases are diseases that must be reported 48 hours of discovery.
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
One of OIE’s missions is to ensure transparency in and enhance knowledge of the worldwide animal health situation.
Among the formal obligations of OIE Member Countries is the submission of information on the relevant animal disease situation – including on zoonoses present on their territory - in the most timely and transparent way.
A single OIE list of notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases has been established for this purpose and to accomplish its mandate in this respect,
Which 2 diseases were added to reportable disease list in 2021
- Coxiella burnetiid
- Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Amendment in England to add dogs to the list
of animals for which detection of Brucella is
reportable. So brucella canis is pciked up
• Also amends the list of animals for
which Salmonella is reportable by adding dog
The zoonosis order….
Designates what?
Applies to who??
Gives power to who??
• designates – Salmonella and Brucella (abortus, melitensis, ovis) • applies to – any kind of mammal (except man) – any four footed beast – any kind of bird • gives power – to take samples – to declare infected places – to require cleansing and disinfection
