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SPS 101 - Space Systems > Notetaker: Space Environment > Flashcards

Notetaker: Space Environment Flashcards

Demarcation, the Sun, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere

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1
Q

Karman Line

A

International Standard
100km (62 miles) above Earth’s surface

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2
Q

USSPACECOM domain

A

U.S. Government Standard
100km (62 miles) above mean sea lvel

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3
Q

Exobase

A

Scientific Community Standard
500 to 1,000 km (310-620 miles) above Earth’s surface

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4
Q

The sun is composed of what?

A
  1. Hydrogen
  2. Helium
  3. Misc Gases
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5
Q

The sun is made of 74.9% of what?

A

Hydrogen

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6
Q

The sun is made of 23.8% of what?

A

Helium

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7
Q

The sun is made of 1.3% of what?

A

Misc gases

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8
Q

The sun creates energy through what?

A

Nuclear Fusion

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9
Q

Core

A

Rotates like a solid and is where fusion occurs

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10
Q

Radiative Zone

A

Rotates like a fluid and radiates energy

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11
Q

Tachocline

A

Generates magnetic field lines and stores magnetic flux

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12
Q

Convective Zone

A

Rotates like a fluid and transfers heat through convection

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13
Q

Photosphere

A

Known as the “surface” and is responsible for 99% of solar radiation

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14
Q

Atmosphere

A

Has 4 sublayers all of which are only visible during an eclipse

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15
Q

What is referred to as “Quiet Sun?”

A

Solar Minimum

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16
Q

Solar Minimum

A
  • Few to zero sunspots
  • Dimmer EUV & x-rays
  • Minimum flaring/CME
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17
Q

What is referred to as “Active Sun?”

A

Solar Maximum

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18
Q

Solar Maximum

A
  • Many sunspots
  • Brighter EUV & x-rays
  • Frequent flaring/CME
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19
Q

Solar Wind

A

A stream of charged particles released from the Corona

20
Q

What solar hazard takes ~3 days to arrive?

A

Solar Wind

21
Q

What causes auroras and the plasma trails on comets?

A

Solar Wind

22
Q

Solar Flare

A

A sudden burst of high energy particles and radiation

23
Q

What solar hazard travels at the speed of light and arrives in ~8 minutes?

A

Solar Flare

24
Q

What is responsible for increased atmospheric drag on LEO, the ionosphere becoming more charged, increased GPS errors, and a source of Radio Blackout Storms?

A

Solar Flare

25
Q

Solar Energetic Particles

A

High energy particles emanating from the Sun outside the standard solar wind

26
Q

What solar hazard arrival varies from 15 minutes to 24 hours?

A

Solar Energetic Particles

27
Q

What is responsible for degrading spacecraft components and a source of Radiation Storms?

A

Solar Energetic Particles

28
Q

Coronal Mass Ejection

A

A massive cloud of energetic, magnetized solar plasma launched into space

29
Q

What solar hazard typically arrives in 3 to 4 days?

A

Coronal Mass Ejection

30
Q

What can severely disrupt anything that uses electricity (e.g. power grids, satellites, communication networks) and is a main source of Geomagnetic Storms?

A

Coronal Mass Ejection

31
Q

Earth’s Magnetic Field is also known as what?

A

Geomagnetic Field / Magnetosphere

32
Q

Where the earth interacts with the solar wind and other solar hazards

A

Magnetosphere

33
Q

What is created by the earth’s liquid metal outer core constantly moving?

A

Magnetosphere

34
Q

What deflects most solar wind?

A

Magnetosphere

35
Q

Define:

Van Allen Belts

A

Trapped charged particles from the sun

36
Q

What is populated by trapped solar wind electrons?

A

The Outer Belt

37
Q

What is populated by protons from geomagnetic storms on the earth’s night-side?

A

The Inner Belt

38
Q

What belt is not very stable due to the unpredictability of solar cycle and solar winds?

A

The Outer Belt

39
Q

What belt is more stable and 10 times more energetic?

A

The Inner Belt

40
Q

The Ionosphere consists of what?

A

Plasma (positive ions & free electrons)

41
Q

The Ionosphere is responsible for what?

A

Scintillation

42
Q

Variations in amplitude, phase, and polarization of signals transmitted through a medium

A

Scintillation

43
Q

How often does scintillation happen?

A

Daily

Also is very localized

44
Q

Scintillation causes what on satellite communications and GPS positioning?

A
  • Signal fading
  • Data dropouts
45
Q

The strength of a storm determine what two characteristics of an aurora?

A
  • Intensity
  • Location
45
Q

The Ionosphere is responsible for northern lights and southern lights, known as what?

A
  • Aurora Borealis (northern)
  • Aurora Australis (southern)

Think of Australia in the south.

SPS 101 - Space Systems (12 decks)

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