Notes Set 2 (21-40)

Question 1

Anaphora

Answer 1

In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora. Anaphora, possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases.

Question 2

Epistrophe

Answer 2

Epistrophe is derived from a Greek word that means turning upon, which indicates the same word returns at the end of each sentence. Epistrophe is a stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences.

Question 3

Asyndeton

Answer 3

Asyndeton is derived from a Greek word asyndeton which means unconnected. It is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy. This literary tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents it in a concise form. Asyndeton helps in
speeding up the rhythm of words.

Question 4

Polysyndeton

Answer 4

It makes use of coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “or”, “but” and “nor” (mostly and and or) which are used to join successive words, phrases or clauses in such a way that these conjunctions are even used where they might have been omitted.

Question 5

Synecdoche

Answer 5

Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.

Question 6

Tone

Answer 6

Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. It is something important for the reader to “sense” to determine an argument. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.

Question 7

Process Analysis

Answer 7

A step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to convey the details of each phase of thinking, an operation, etc. It is often used to improve understanding and also to break down an argument to make it more comprehensible.

Question 8

Syntax

Answer 8

Syntax is a set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought. In plain English, “Syntax” refers to HOW we choose to arrange our words.

Question 9

Provocative Diction

Answer 9

the purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that will frame a rhetorical argument.

Question 10

Classification

Answer 10

the action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. This often is a strategy of argumentation or an argumentative response in an effort to provide the reader with structure to YOUR argument.

Question 11

Understatement

Answer 11

you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. When you tell a news reporter “I am delighted”, you are making an understatement. Similarly, suppose a team loses to its
opponent 50 to 0 in a soccer match and the captain of the team says in a post-match ceremony says, “We did not do well”, it is an understatement because he is trying to decrease the intensity of the loss.

Question 12

Colorful Diction

Answer 12

Diction is your conscious choice of words as a writer. It stands to reason that “Colourful Diction” is a very purposeful word choice that will serve to accentuate meaning and tone.

Question 13

Counterargument

Answer 13

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. When writing in the argumentative mode, it is MANDATORY that the writer acknowledge the “other” side to his or her argument. It is part of the refutation of someone else’s claim to support your own “side” of the argument that you are making.

Question 14

Claim

Answer 14

If somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, it is called making a claim. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical.

Question 15

Evidence

Answer 15

Evidence is a type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays and theses
in the form of paraphrase and quotations. It is presented to persuade the readers and used with powerful arguments in the texts or essays. In rhetoric, when a person makes a claim or presents an argument, he needs to present evidence in support of his claim and argument in order to establish the veracity and
authenticity of his claim or argument.

Question 16

Warrant

Answer 16

A warrant is the glue that holds an argument together. It links the evidence to the claim. It says something like “This evidence supports the claim because…” and it is always in a similar form that is more of a statement of support of “WHY” your evidence supports your assertion/claim.

Question 17

Fallacy

Answer 17

A fallacy is an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention.

Question 18

Logical Fallacy

Answer 18

In argumentation, a formal fallacy (also called deductive fallacy) is a pattern of reasoning/thinking rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong.

Question 19

Prophecy

Answer 19

: Many believe that a prediction and a prophecy are the same, but they are mistaken. It is true that both “forecast” the future, but there is a significant difference. A prophesy has all the elements of a prediction except the element of time. Without the element of time, a prophecy is hard to determine. A “prophecy” has more of a religious connotation since there is an element of uncertainty about time.

Question 20

Prediction

Answer 20

A prediction is a forecast made by those who calculate the parameters of the subject involved after evaluating the odds they can predict the future. The weather forecast is a good example. A “prediction” is limited to a time element, unlike a prophesy.